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Transcript
Notes pages 141- 147 Early Egyptian Rule The Early Period Pharaoh – king of Egypt, believed to be a god in human form, had total authority Vizier – advisor to the pharaoh, carried out the pharaoh’s decrees Decrees – commands Hieroglyphics – Egyptian system of writing, more thaqn 700 different symbols which stood for sounds, whole words, or ideas Scribes learned hieroglyphics and math, wrote on stone and papyrus Papyrus – paperlike material made from reeds and used to record important written records Egyptian history – three parts – the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom – each period ruled by one pharaoh at a time Intermediate periods – when Egypt was ruled by competing dynasties who fought with each other The Old Kingdom (Age of the Pyramids) 2625 BC – 2130 BC (500 years) Advances in building technology – pyramids Pyramid – a burial place for the dead Mummification – process of preserving a body for the afterlife Tombs were strong and protected mummies and belongings Book of the Dead – prayers for the dead Building the Pyramids Imhotep – architect to King Zoser, began new style of royal tomb – stone and more layers created a pyramid Giza – home of the Great Pyramid (pharaoh Kufu) and the Great Sphin Labor tax supplied the government with workers for pyramid building – paid during inundation Egyptian Way of Life Craftworkers – artists, builders, carpenters, stonecutters – built and decorated the pyramids, temples, and tombs – important to society Workdays – sunrise to sunset 10 days of work, one day of rest Enjoyed music, singing, dancing at festivals Women wore long sleeveless dresses of linen Men wore knee-length linen skirts with or without shirts All classes wore jewelry and makeup Houses made of mud brick, small shrine for worship in houses, furniture included chests, stools, chairs, beds Women in charge of household, sometimes priestesses and craftworkers. Women wove linen, allowed to own property, legal rights Children were gifts from the gods Education influenced by gender and wealth – wealthy learned writing , math, and literature