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China Review
GRAPES
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G-geography
R-religion
A-achievements
P-political
E-economic systems
S-social
Keeps China isolated from
the West and India
Three philosophies utilized in Chinese culture: Confucianism, Daoism,
Legalism.
Confucianism-used by Daoism
Legalism-used by the
Han, Tang/Song, and
Ming Dynasties
Qin Dynasty
Education is important
Filial piety-respect for
elders and ancestors
Reject human
governments to
understand nature.
Rulers have
unquestioned authority
Ideas must be restricted
Nature will show you the
Five relationships to keep way.
Strict rules and
order.
punishments are needed
Natural order is
important
• Great Wall of China-started during the Qin
Dynasty
• Inventions of Paper and Silk-Han Dynasty (first
items traded on the silk roads)
• Civil Service Exam-Han, Tang/Song, Ming
Dynasties (people earned government jobs
through exam)
• Magnetic Compass, Gun Powder, Moveable
Type- Tang/Song Dynasties (Technologies
heavily impact the West)
• Dynasties- Hereditary rule
• Mandate of Heaven
• Dynastic Cycle used to explain rise and fall of
dynasties
• Bureaucratic government-used civil service
exams
• Silk Roads-trade routes
– China had a monopoly on silk for many years,
– The production of silk was a state secret.
– Silk became a highly desired good increasing
China’s wealth
– China’s interaction and periods of isolation shaped
their success and culture.
– Ethnocentrism- China believed their culture to be
superior to others.
• As a result China begins a period of isolation at the end
of the Ming Dynasty
Link between Heaven and Earth
Merchants lower than peasants
• Shi Huangdi- First emperor of China, used legalism
to rule, unified China, standardized weights and
measures, used censorship, harsh punishments.
Builds Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors.
• Confucius- Philosopher believe in the importance
of education, filial piety, and the five relationships.
• Zheng He- Explorer seven voyages to India, Arabia,
and East Africa to show off China prestige.
Geography
Qin
Han
Tang Song
Ming
Plateau of Tibet
Built the Great
Wall
Invented paper
Golden Age of
China
Voyages of Zheng
He
Used
Confucianism to
rule
Stressed
ethnocentrism
and isolated
China
Yellow River
Himalaya Mtns
Taklimakan
Desert
Northern Plain
First Emperor of
China
Used Legalist
ideas
Censorshipburned books
First to use the
silk roads
Silk became a
state secret
Used
Confucianism to
rule
Gobi Desert
Considered
agriculture to be
one of the most
important jobs
Created civil
service exams
based on
Confucianism
Civil service
exams based on
confucianism
Invented gun
powder,
magnetic
compass, etc.
Censorship
burned books
Used
Confucianism to
rule
Civil service
exams based on
Confucianism
MONGOLS REVIEW
• Eastern Steppe of Central Asia-dry grass
covered plain.
• Animistic beliefs
• Religiously Tolerant
• Stirrup- allowed the rider to stand while riding to
shoot an arrow in 360 degrees.
• Pax Mongolia-mid-1200s to the mid-1300s, the
Mongols created stability, economic growth, and
law and order, across Eurasia.
– The Mongols guaranteed safe passage across the
empire for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries.
– The revival of trade allowed ideas and inventions to
travel along with the trade goods.
• Ex-gunpowder reaches Europe
• Genghis Khan- “universal ruler” unified the
Mongol clans and conquered all of central
Asia.
• Khanates- divided into four kingdoms or
Khanates, each ruled by a descendant of
Genghis Khan.
• Controlled trade on the Silk Roads (PAX
Mongolia)
• Made conquered territories pay tribute to the
Empire
• Genghis Khan- unified the Mongols, brilliant
military strategist and organizer, used terror as a
weapon. Conquers all of Central Asia.
• Kublai Khan- Khanate of the Great Khan, became
the emperor of China. Creates the Yuan Dynasty,
claims the Mandate of Heaven. Trade increases,
peace or order maintained, canals and roads
repaired. Tried to conquer Japan but is
unsuccessful.
Review Questions
• How was China geographically isolated from
influence by other civilizations?
a) It had geographical barriers, such as the
Himalayas Mountains, the Gobi and Taklimakan
deserts.
b) It was unreachable by rivers or lakes.
c) It was separated from other civilizations by great
distances.
d) All of the above are true.
To restore social order, harmony, and good
government, Confucius believed it was necessary
for society to be organized around what general
category?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Values
golden rules
five relationships
social classes
The Silk Roads were important to the ancient
world because they made possible the exchange
of goods and ideas between?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Korea and Japan
China and Rome
Egypt and Greece
Persia and Carthage
All of the following were inventions of the Tang
and Song dynasties EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
porcelain.
paper money.
the microscope.
the magnetic compass.
What historical development does the chart of the
dynastic cycle help to explain?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The influence of Buddhism on China
The reasons for China’s isolation
The success of the Shang dynasty
The rise and fall of ruling families