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Puncture Vine Tribulus cistoides (L.) Zygophyllaceae Biology • Native to tropical America • Introduced as an ornamental – Tolerant to salinity and drought • Used for groundcover in coastal areas • Common name from spiny, hard fruits • Medicinal properties – used in treating ailments (headaches, etc.) Distribution & Impacts • Generally found in southeast Florida – Generally as a direct escape from cultivation • Found on dunes, coastal lands, sandy sites • Category II Invasive Species – FLEPPC – Found in medians, yards and landscapes as a weedy species – Potential harm to humans and animals Puncturevine Distribution in Florida Identification Mature Plant • Creeping, prostrate perennial • Spreads through lateral stem formation Leaves • Leaves are arranged oppositely • 6 inches long • Pinnately compound with 6 to 8 pairs of elliptic leaflets • Lack terminal leaflet Flowers and Fruit • Flowers are solitary • Bright yellow, 1.5 inches wide • 5 petals • Fruit are spiny, ½ inch • Spread easily by machinery, humans • Dormant for years Management Preventative Cultural Mechanical Biological Chemical Preventative 1. Limit planting as an ornamental 2. Remove existing plants before seeds are produced 3. Avoid mowing, other mechanical operations when plant is fruiting – spread seed to other areas Cultural 1. Alternative landscape plants to replace puncturevine 2. Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with this plant and proper identification 3. Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce establishment Biological 1. There are 2 known biological control agents available for puncturevine, but limited distribution Mechanical 1. Hand pull plants out of moist soil, wear gloves 2. Mowing or cutting is ineffective, as the plant is prostrate in growth habit, may actually spread the plant through seed spread Chemical 1. Over-the-top applications of glyphosate, dicamba or 2,4-D at 1 to 2% solution plus 0.25% surfactant 2. Glyphosate is non-selective and will damage other plants 3. Dicamba and 2,4-D can be used in many turf settings – check label Useful Links • Floridata Homepage: http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state =Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm • University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html • The Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group. Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas: http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm Useful Links • Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm • USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plants Database: http://plants.usda.gov • Forest Management of Miami-Dade County: http://www.miamidade.gov/derm/Plants/pla nts_puncture_vine.asp • Bureau of Land Management, Oregon /Washington: http://www.or.blm.gov Literature Cited Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of NonNative Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp