Download BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
Unit two
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
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OBJECTIVES:
– Describe basic human needs/physical,
emotional, spiritual
– Identify Developmental tasks associated
with the aging process
– Discuss age related conditions
– Discuss general characteristics of aging
– Discuss cultural diversity/ individuality
Describe Basic Human Needs

Basic Human needs
are needs all
persons have.
However individuals
meet these needs in
different ways.
Most residents in
long term facilities
will need some
assistance to meet
their basic needs.
Ways to assist Residents with
Physical Needs

Food
– making meal time as
pleasant as possible
– assist resident to
eat, feed resident
when possible
– prepare foods such
as cutting meats,
opening cartons

Oxygen/Air
– elevate HOB for
resident with
breathing problems
or SOB
– position in bed and
chairs to allow lung
expansion
– assist resident to
ambulate
– assist nurse with
oxygen therapy.
Meeting Resident Physical
needs

Water:
– Offer fluids
frequently
– keep water
containers within
reach
– Keep water fresh,
other liquids at
correct
temperatures.

Elimination:
– Assist resident in
toileting needs
– provide privacy
– be matter of fact in
response to
incontinent residents
Meeting Physical Needs

Rest:
– Assist in preparation
for sleep
– recognize changes in
patterns for sleep

Activity and Exercise
– Encourage ROM in
ADL’s
– ambulate, transfer
and move properly
– Encourage activity

Stimulation
– Encourage resident
to participate in
activities
– Encourage residents
to talk and listen
carefully
– Do not isolate
resident. Place in
area where they can
observe activity.
Meeting Physical needs

Sexuality
– Encourage use of
male/female
clothing, cosmetics,
hair styles to
maintain sexual
identity.
– Provide privacy to
couples expressing
intimacy needs,
knock before
entering
– Respond
appropriately to
resident who is
masturbating, (take
resident to room,
don’t shame or be
judgmental.
Ways to Assist Resident with
Safety and Security Needs

Safety
– Keep area safe and
free of hazards
– Show residents how
to do activities safely
– keep call light within
reach
– know how to do
tasks
– be alert to safety.
Use TB and brakes

Security
– respect residents
belongings
– orient resident to
new surroundings
– reassure resident
– welcome family and
friends
– provide privacy,
knock on doors
Ways to Assist Love and
Belonging Needs

Caring about someone
– listen to resident, encourage talk of past
– show interest in residents family
– encourage contact with other residents
– read social histories in resident charts
– some residents may have significant others
who are not family members
– take time with resident, pay attention
Love and Belonging Needs

Being cared about
– Show interest in resident
– touch residents in a kind and gentle
manner
– be kind and friendly to visitors
– inform family and residents of activities
offered
– be patient and understanding
– treat residents as you would like to be
treated
Ways to Meet Self Esteem
Needs

Sense of Identity
– call resident by preferred name
– include resident and family in discussions
concerning resident care
– give and respect choices made by residents
– respect differences in culture, heredity,
interests and values
Meeting Self- Esteem Needs

Feeling Important, worthwhile
– praise accomplishments of residents
– acknowledge residents at all times
– respect resident property
– talk to resident as an adult
– encourage resident to do as much as abble
for themselves
– Give residents simple responsibilities and
tasks to feel important
Meeting Self- Actualization
Needs

The extra’s in life
– encourage hobbies
– praise accomplishments and strengths

Spirituality
– respect religious beliefs
– provide privacy for clergy visit.
– Handle with care religious symbols
– refer clergy requests to Nurse in Charge
Learning Objectives
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To encourage students to be
physically active
To illustrate Exercise and its
effect on disease prevention
To provide examples of simple,
moderate intensity physical
activity
To encourage regular physical
activity in developing countries
with focus on women
To encourage physical fitness in
people with disabilities
To build an Olympic Physical
activity and health supercourse
What is Physical Activity


Physical activity
Bodily movement produced by skeletal
muscles that results in an expenditure of
energy
Physical fitness
A measure of a person's ability to perform
physical activities that require endurance,
strength, or flexibility.

Regular physical activity
A pattern of physical activity is regular if
activities are performed in some order
CDC,1997
“Physical activity is something you do.
Physical fitness is something you
acquire, a characteristic or an attribute
one can achieve by being physically
active. And exercise is structured and
tends to have fitness as its goal"
Anonymous
Spectrum of Physical Activity
and Health
Physically Fit
Physically
disabled
Physically Active
LaPorte RE: Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Oct;120(4):507-17
and Sport
Exercise
It’s a form of physical
activity done primarily to
improve one’s health and
fitness.
Sports
Is complex,
institutionalized,
competitive and these
very characteristics works
against moderate and
rhythmical exercise.
CDC 1999
Common Reasons Not To
Exercise
I don’t have the
time
 I don’t like to
sweat
 I’ll look silly
 It hurts
 I don’t know what
to do
 It’s not important

Why Exercise ???
Do you know?
13.5 million people have coronary heart
disease.
 1.5 million people suffer from a heart
attack in a given year.
 250,000 people suffer from hip
fractures each year.
 Over 60 million people (a third of the
population) are overweight.
 50 million people have high blood
pressure.

(WHO, 2003)
Do you Know that…….
Adjusted RR for CVD Mortality by Fitness and % Body Fat
Do you Know that…….
Adjusted RR for All-Cause Mortality
by Fitness and % Body Fat
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Fit
Unfit
lean
<16%
Normal
16-24%
Obese
>24%
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Do you know that ……
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic
proportions in most part of the world
Children are eating more and exercising less.
Time spent watching television or using
computers
This lack coupled with poor dietary habits has
led to significant increases in the number of
children with Type II diabetes and
predisposition to hypertension, coronary artery
disease and others
All of these can be Prevented by
Regular Physical Activity !!!
How Physical Activity Impacts Health

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Helps control weight.
Reduces feelings of depression and
anxiety.
Helps build and maintain healthy bones,
muscles, and joints.
Reduces the risk of developing colon
cancer.
Helps reduce blood pressure in people
who already have high blood pressure.
Causes the development of new blood
vessels in the heart and other muscles.
Enlarges the arteries that supply blood to
the heart.
WHO 2002
Health Risk of Physical Inactivity
Leading causes of disease and disability
associated with physical inactivity
1. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
2. Stroke
3. Obesity
4. Type II Diabetes
5. Hypertension
6. Colorectal cancer
7. Stress and Anxiety
8. Osteo-arthritis
9. Osteoporosis
10.Low back pain
What Can Exercise do for You?

Reduce the risk of the three leading causes of
death: Heart Disease, stroke, and cancer
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Control or prevent development of Disease
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Enhance Mental Abilities

Improve Sleeping Habits and Increase Energy
Levels
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Lift Depression and Help Manage Stress

Control Weight, improving self-image,
appearance and health
Exercise & Cardiovascular Disease
FACT
Sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for
CVD, according to the American Heart
Association
Exercise reduces Blood Pressure
– High blood pressure (above 140/90)
is the main cause of Heart Attack and
Stroke
Exercise prevents Atherosclerosis
(clogged arteries)
– Exercise reduces cholesterol plaques
that clog arteries and can lead to
stroke and heart attack
WHO 2002
Exercise and Cancer
The Basics
– Exercise helps to prevent obesity, a
major risk factor for several types
of cancer
– Exercise enhances immune
function
– Exercise activates antioxidant
enzymes that protect cells from
free radical damage
WHO 2002
Exercise and Diabetes
Increase insulin sensitivity
Control blood glucose
Control Weight/Lower body fat
Reduce risk of cardiovascular disease
WHO 2002
Exercise and Depression
Exercise can help prevent depression.
In fact, recent studies have shown that
exercise was found to be just as
effective (despite a slower initial
response) as antidepressant medication
for treatment of depression.
– Exercise reduces health problems , making
you feel better
– Exercise helps you sleep better
– Exercise controls weight, enhancing selfesteem
WHO 2002
Exercise and Your Mind
 Short-term benefits:
– Boost alertness (possibly by triggering the
release of epinephrine and nor
epinephrine)
– Improve memory
– Improve intellectual function
– Spark creativity
 Long-term benefits:
– Exercise has been shown to slow and even
reverse age-related decline in mental
function and loss of short-term memory
A report of Surgeon general, Physical Activity
and health, 1996
Opportunities for Physical
Activity
At work
 For transport
 In domestic duties
 In leisure time

The majority of people do very little
or no physical activity in any of
these domains
Getting Started….Setting Goals
What will motivate you?
– Think about your reasons for
exercising
– Are your goals important enough to
keep you motivated long-term?
 Think short-term and long-term
– How will you benefit from your
fitness plan day-to-day?
– In 1 year? In 5 years? In 10 years?

Before You Start...
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If you are over 40 or have health
problems (heart disease, high
blood pressure, diabetes, obesity,
muscle or joint problems) see a
physician before beginning
exercise
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Be informed
– Learn as much as you can about
exercise by reading and talking
to other people
– Learn safety precautions before
you do any exercise
Fitness Equipment / Safety
Fitness Equipment / Safety
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Buy Appropriate SHOES
Wear Comfortable Clothing
TOO HOT! TOO COLD!
Run and Walk with a Friend
More fun, safer, with a physical and
mental support system
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Night Time: stay to the well lit areas
Select activities that are fun ………..
To YOU!
Get Moving!
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Components of an exercise
program
– Aerobic Activity
– Strength Training
– Flexibility Training
Use an exercise log to help
you plan and keep track of
your exercise program
WHO 2002
Aerobic Activity
Definition
Continuous movement that uses big
muscle groups and is performed at an
intensity that causes your heart, lungs,
and vascular system to work harder than
at rest
Cardio respiratory Fitness is built through
aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise conditions and
strengthens our heart, respiratory system,
muscles, and immune system
CDC physical activity report 1999
Types of Aerobic Exercise
Outdoor Activities
– Walking
– Jogging/running
– Bicycling
– Swimming
– Basketball
– Soccer
– Jumping Rope
Indoor Activities
– Treadmill machine
– Stair climbing
machine
– Stationary bike
– Elliptical trainer
– Rowing machine
– Aerobics, boxing...
Strength Training
Definition
Muscle work against resistance that
improves strength and endurance
– Strength allows us to move, and endurance
allows us to perform work over time
Muscles = 40% of our lean body mass
Use it or lose it: unused muscle disappears
(atrophy)
Types of Strength Training
Free Weights
– use of dumbbells and/or bars with
weights on the ends
– involves balance and coordination;
useful for enhancing function in daily
activities and recreational sports
– Bonuses: convenient, cheap, and
provides a wide variety of exercises that
work several muscle groups together
Your body, your weight
– The most convenient form of resistance
exercise
– Pushups, pull-ups,. Lunges, squats….
Flexibility Training
Flexibility = The ability to move a joint
through its range of motion
– We lose flexibility with disuse and aging
Benefits
– Decreased chance of muscular injury,
soreness, and pain
– Helps prevent and reduce lower back pain
– Improves joint health (tight muscles stress
our joints)
Activities stretching, yoga, pilates, tai chi
How
Much
and
How
Hard?
Frequency: 3-5 days per week

– Aerobic exercise: a minimum if 3 days a
week are necessary to reach most exercise
goals and minimize health benefits
– Strength training: a minimum of 2 days per
week
– Flexibility training: a minimum of 3-5 days
per week
Duration
– Aerobic: 20-60 minutes of continuous
aerobic activity
– Strength: 1-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions
– Stretching: Stretch all muscle groups and
hold positions for 10-30 seconds
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Questions
What timeTiming
of day is
best?
– Choose the most convenient time for your
schedule
– Choose a regular time--the same time every
day
– Timing may depend on the activity you
choose

Can I eat before exercise?
– It is best not to eat a meal for 2 hours
beforehand
– Be sure to drink plenty of water before and
during exercise

Should I exercise when I’m sick?
– No, especially if you have a fever
Exercise for people with special
needs

People with disabilities are less likely
to engage in regular moderate
physical activity than people without
disabilities, yet they have similar
needs to promote their health and
prevent unnecessary disease
Exercise is for everyone!!!!!!!
Individuals who have physical
disabilities or chronic, disabling
conditions such as arthritis can
improve muscle stamina and strength
with regular physical activity
Exercise
for people with special needs
"You don't stop exercising because you grow old.
You grow old because you stop exercising." Anonymous
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People with disabilities should first
consult a physician before beginning
a program of physical activity to
which they are unaccustomed
Provide community-based programs
to meet the needs of persons with
disabilities.
Ensure that environments and facilities
conducive to being physically active are
available and accessible to people with
disabilities, such as offering safe,
accessible, and attractive trails for
bicycling, walking, and wheelchair
activities.
Exercise for Women in developing
countries
There
has been several studies which
have shown that less emphasis is
given to exercise especially in women
 The reasons are several and most
important one is awareness.
 Women sports are not encouraged
in most of developing countries
 There is stigma that women should
not be involved in outdoor sports
Exercise is for everyone
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There is need for awareness for physical
fitness in developing countries
Exercise is not only for men but for
everyone
With commitment, opportunities can be
developed.
Even shopping malls provide
opportunities for fitness walking
CDC
Health Risks of Physical Activity
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Most musculo-skeletal injuries sustained
during physical activity are likely to be
preventable
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Injuries sustained during competitive
sports have been shown to increase the
risk of developing osteoarthritis
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Serious cardiac events can occur with
physical exertion.
The overall benefit of regular physical
activity is lower all-cause mortality

Prevention
Injury
– exercise regularly
– gradually increase
intensity
– rest between sessions
– warm-up and cool
down
– stay flexible
– don’t exercise when
sick
– don’t exercise when
muscles are fatigued
and straining
– know proper form for
any activity you do

Caring for Injuries
– Rest: stop immediately
– Ice: apply immediately
and repeat every few
hours for 15-20
minutes
– Compress: wrap
injured area with
elastic bandage
– Elevation: raise injured
area above heart
– After 2 days, apply heat
if there is no swelling
– Gradually ease back
into activity when pain
is gone
Summary
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Physical inactivity is one of the top 10
leading causes of death and disability in
the developed world
Exercise improves our body and minds
Even moderate exercise has many
health benefits
It is important to set fitness goals that
are realistic and meaningful for you
It takes time to make fitness part of a
lifestyle, and we will all have ups and
downs in following our exercise
programs
Exercise feels good!
“The first wealth is health."
Ralph Waldo Emerson