Download Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Pediatrics
Vaccinations for Children
By Komal Luthra
Independent Study Mentorship Spring Semester 2014
Mentor: Dr. Michael Binder M.D.
Teacher: Mrs. Kristi Click
Disclaimer: Some information in this presentation comes from outside sources.
Introduction
• Mentor: Dr. Binder, M.D.
• Pediatrician
• Description: medical doctors who diagnose and treat
infants, children, and adolescents
• Education: 4-year college degree, 4 years of medical
school, 3 years of residency
• Certification: American Board of Pediatrics (ABP)
Mentorship Site
UTMB Pediatric and Adult Primary Care
Vaccinations
• Injection of a killed or weakened organism that causes the
body to build immunity against that organism
• Prevent diseases and infections such as diphtheria, hepatitis
A, measles, polio, rubella, tetanus, varicella, and mumps
• Helps protect public health
• Types of Vaccines: Live, attenuated vaccines, inactivated
vaccines, toxiod vaccines, subunit vaccines, and conjugate
vaccines
"Why Vaccinate?" Vaccinate Your Baby. Every Child By Two, n.d.
Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.vaccinateyourbaby.org/why/index.cfm>.
How Do Vaccines Work?
• Work with body’s immune system
• Imitate the infections without
causing the illness
• Causes the immune system to create
the same response it does when a
bacteria or virus enters the body
• Makes the body able to fight the
vaccine-preventable disease in the
future
“How Vaccines Prevent Diseases." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 08 Mar. 2012. Web. 21 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/vaccine-decision/prevent-diseases.html>.
Ingredients in Vaccinations
• Antigens- help the body develop immunity
• Preservatives- prevent contamination
• Thimerosal - mercury containing preservative
• Stabilizers – help vaccines remain unchanged and stay
potent during storage and transportation
• Sugars and gelatin
• Residual inactivating ingredients- kill viruses and inactivate
toxins during the manufacturing process
• Formaldehyde
Ingredients in Vaccines (continued)
• Adjuvants - help stimulate the response to the antigens
• Aluminum salts
• Residual cell culture materials- help grow enough of the
virus or bacteria to make the vaccine
• Egg Protein
• Residual antibiotics – prevent contamination by bacteria
during the manufacturing process
• Neomycin and sulfa drugs
"Basics." Vaccines.gov. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, n.d. Web. 20 Feb.
2014.<http://www.vaccines.gov/basics/index.html>.
Tdap Vaccine
• Protects you from tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis
• Tetanus (Lockjaw)
• Tightening of the muscles
• Kills 1 out of 5 people who are infected
• Diphtheria
• Formation of a thick coating in the back of the throat
• Leads to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and possibly
death
• Pertussis (Whooping cough)
• Severe coughing spells
• Leads to weight loss, incontinence, and rib fractures
Tdap Vaccine (continued)
• One dose routinely given to children at the age of 11 or 12
• Risks/Side effects
• Mild: pain, redness, swelling, mild fever, headache, nausea,
vomiting, chills, body aches, rash, and tiredness
• Moderate: swelling of the entire arm and fever over 102ᵒF
• Severe: swelling, severe pain, bleeding , and redness in the arm
"Vaccine Information Sheets (VIS)." Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 Jan. 2014.
Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/index.html?s_cid=cs_000>.
Survey Questions
• How do you feel about your child receiving vaccinations?
• Have you ever felt worried about your child receiving vaccinations?
• Do you think you should wait to have your child vaccinated?
• Do you believe that vaccines cause autism and/or sudden infant
death syndrome?
Survey Questions (continued)
• Are you worried about your child receiving multiple vaccines
at one time?
• Have you researched about vaccinations and their side
effects?
• What are some side effects that you are aware of?
• Do you believe that vaccinations are beneficial?
Final Product: Educational Pamphlet
• Purpose: to educate parents about vaccinations and
addresses their concerns
• Include information on dosage, minor side effects, why one
should not wait to vaccinate, why the misconception are not
true, diseases that are prevented by vaccinations, and why
children need to be vaccinated
• Statistics/Research:
• In 2005, 345,000 people dies due to measles. 311,000 of those people
were children under the age of five.
• Each year in the U.S., hepatitis A infection causes 125,000 to 200,000
people to become ill, and 70 to 100 people die due to the infection.
• A study showed that the recommended immunization series prevents
approximately 10.5 million cases of infectious illness every year and
33,000 deaths in the United States only.
6 Misconceptions of Vaccinations
• Vaccines started to disappear before vaccines were introduced.
• Most of the people who get a disease have been vaccinated.
• There are “hot lots” of vaccines that have been associated with
more harmful effects than the others.
• Vaccines cause harmful side effects, death, and other unknown
long-term effects.
• Vaccines-preventable diseases have been eliminated from the
U.S., so there is not need to be vaccinated.
• Giving a child multiple vaccines for different diseases at one
time increases the risk for harmful side effects and causes the
immune system to become overloaded.
"Vaccines and Immunizations." Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web. 22
Feb.2014.<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/default.htm>.
Thank You! 
• During this mentorship experience, I had the opportunity to
observe pediatric patient care. I learned a lot about the
importance of vaccinations and the concerns of parents. This
mentorship has increased my interest in medicine. I would
like to thank my mentor, Dr. Michael Binder, Mrs. Kristi Click,
and my parents, Dr. Gurinder Luthra and Mrs. Bhawna Luthra
for making this mentorship a great learning experience.
Works Cited
"Basics." Vaccines.gov. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.vaccines.gov/basics/index.html>.
“How Vaccines Prevent Diseases." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 08 Mar. 2012. Web. 21 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/vaccine-decision/prevent-diseases.html>.
"Pediatrician: Career Summary, Job Outlook, and Educational Requirements." Pediatrician: Career
Summary, Job Outlook, and Educational Requirements. DegreeDirectory.org, n.d. Web.
20 Feb. 2014.
<http://degreedirectory.org/articles/Pediatrician_Career_Summary_Job_Outlook_and_E
ducational_Requirements.html>.
"Vaccine Information Sheets (VIS)." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 24 Jan. 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/index.html?s_cid=cs_000>.
"Vaccines and Immunizations." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/default.htm>.
"Why Vaccinate?" Vaccinate Your Baby. Every Child By Two, n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.vaccinateyourbaby.org/why/index.cfm>.