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Lab Practical #3
Phylum Porifera
- know the four classes of sponges
- ostia or pores
- porocytes
- osculum
- pinacoderm or pinacodermis
- pinacocytes
- incurrent canal
- apopyle
- radial canal
- spongocoel
- choanocytes – choanocyte structure
- spicules – types and location
- sponge body plans
o ascoid/asconoid – e.g. Leucoselenia
o syncoid/synconoid – e.g. Grantia (Scypha)
o leuconoid
- be able to recognize a sponge in a cross section and identify the
o pinacodermis
o choanocyte layer
o spongocoel
o incurrent and radial canals
o apopyles
Phylum Cnidaria
- know the 4 classes and the major members of each class
- planula larva
- cnidocyte with nematocyst
- cnidocil
- basic body plan- location of these tissues in a slide or figure/drawing
o epidermis
o gastrodermis
o mesoglea
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Class Scyphozoa – the jellyfish
o body plan of the medusoid form
o oral arms
o tentacles
o manubrium with mouth
o radial canals
o gastrovascular cavity
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Class Hydrozoa – the hydras & colonial forms
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
-
body plan of hydroid/polyp form
tentacles
hypostome or mouth/anus
gastrovascular cavity
bud
location of testes & ovaries
Obelia – colonial form
 stolon
 perisarc
 basal holdfast
 hydranths or feeding polyps (gastrozoids)
 hydrotheca
 tentacles & mouth
 gastrovascular cavity
 medusoid buds in the gonozoid
Class Anthozoa – anemones & corals
o oral region with tentacles
o aboral region with pedal disc
o mouth & pharynx
o gastrovascular cavity
o cross section – mesenteries
 epidermis
 endodermis/gastrodermis
 mesoglea
 pharynx & gastrovascular cavity
Phylum Platyhelminthes
-know the classes
 Class Turbelleria – e.g. Dugesia
o pharynx
o branching gastrovascular cavity
o eyespots
o auricles

Class Trematoda - flukes
o oral sucker and intestines
o gonads – ovaries and testes

Class Cestoda – tapeworms
o male vs. female
o scolex
o oral suckers
o proglottid with gonads
o cysteroids
o oncospheres
Phylum Nematoda
- male vs. female
- know the male and female in cross section and be able to identify the:
o cuticle
o intestine
o longitudinal muscles
o pseudocoelom
o ovaries & uterus
o testes
o lateral nerve cords/lateral line
- intestine
- know your dissections and be able to identify the
o testes/vas deferens
o uterus & oviduct
Phylum Annelida
- know the classes
- Class Polychaeta – e.g. Nereis
o know the worm cross section and be able to identify the:
 parapodia
 nerve cords
 ventral blood vessel
 intestine
 longitudinal muscle
o know your dissections and be able to identify the
 parapodia with setae
 prostomium
 peristomium
 antennae
 palps
 pygidium with anus
 intestine
-
Class Oligochaeta – e.g. Lumbricus
o Know your dissections and the model and be able to identify the
 gonopores
 clitellum
 mouth and pharynx
 crop and gizzard
 intestine and anus
 septa
 dorsal blood vessel & hearts
 seminal vesicles
o know your dissections and be able to identify the
 typhlosole
 intestine
 coelom
 epidermis with cuticle
 ventral nerve cord and lateral nerves
 metanephridia
 longitudinal muscles
 setae
Phylum Mollusca
- know the classes
- Class Gastropoda – snails & slugs
- From the model be able to identify the following:
o foot
o tentacles
o eye stalks
o shell
-
Class Bivalvia – clams etc…
From your dissections be able to identify the following:
o dorsal vs. ventral surface
o anterior vs. posterior ends
o umbo
o valves
o gills made of lamellae
o mantle & mantle cavity
o anterior & posterior adductor muscles
o labial palps
o foot
o visceral mass
 intestine
 digestive gland (hepatopancreas)
 gonads
 heart
-
Class Cephalopoda – squids etc…..
use the internet and your lab and lecture notes for a virtual dissection
From your dissections be able to identify the following:
o mantle
o tentacles/foot
o siphon
o gills
o gill heart
o heart
o
o
o
o
stomach & intestine/caecum
pen (internal shell)
ink sac
eyes
Phylum Arthropoda
- know the Subphyla & the following classes listed below
- use the internet and your lab and lecture notes for a virtual dissection
- from your dissections be able to identify the following:
-
-
Subphylum Chelicerata
o Class Merostomata – horseshoe crabs
 look at the list for spiders and be able to find these on a
horseshoe crab (use the internet to find pictures)
o Class Arachnida – spiders
 chelicerae
 pedipalps
 cephalothorax
 opisthosoma/abdomen
 walking legs
 telson
 spinnerets (arachnids only)
 eyes – compound and ocelli
Subphylum Crustacea
o Class Malacostraca – e.g. crayfish
 cephalothorax & abdomen
 eyes
 carapace
 cephalic groove
 supraorbital spine or rostrum
 antennae – long & short
 mandible & 2 maxillae
 3 pairs of maxillipeds
 4 pairs of walking legs/periopods – 1st pair = cheliped
 3 pairs of swimmerets/pleopods
 uropods
 telson
 genital openings – male & female
 abdominal muscles
 stomach
 digestive gland
 heart with ostia
 gills
 green gland
o Class Brachiopoda
o Class Maxillopoda
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Subphylum Hexapoda
o Class Insecta – e.g. grasshopper
 Know male vs. female from its external anatomy
 internal anatomy
 malphigian tubules
 hindgut/intestine & anus
 ovaries
 gastric caeca
 crop
 head
 compound eyes and ocelli
 antennae – 1 pair
 labrum
 labia
 2 pairs of palps – maxillary & labial
 mandible
 thorax
 prothorax, mesothorax & metathorax
 wings – fore and hind
 2 pairs of legs – femur and tibia on the back legs
 tympanum
 abdomen
 ovipositor on females
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Subphylum Myriapoda
o be able to tell a millipede from a centipede
Phylum Echinodermata
- know the classes
- use the internet and your lab and lecture notes for a virtual dissection
- from your dissections be able to identify the following:
- oral vs. aboral end for each class
-
Class Asteroidea – sea stars
o Madreporite
o ring canal and stone canal
o radial canals
o arms and central disc
o ambulacral groove on oral surface
o ambulacral ossicles
o spines on aboral surface
o mouth and stomach (pyloric and cardiac)
o pyloric caeca
-
-
o tube feet – ampulla and suction discs
o gonads
o
Class Echinoidea – sea urchins (use your lab notes for this dissection)
o spines
o mouth
o Aristotle’s lantern
o gonads
o intestine
Class Holothuroidea – sea cucumbers
o tentacles
o ring canal
o radial canals
o tube feet
o longitudinal and circular muscles
o Polian vesicles
o Gonads
o intestine
check out these websites
http://www.uwlax.edu/Biology/Zoo-lab/Lab-7--Annelids-and-SmallerEcdysozoans/
http://www.savalli.us/BIO385/BIO385.html
http://imgarcade.com/1/clitellum-cross-section/