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Download Digestive Organ Job Description THE SMALL INTESTINE
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PREPARED BY ASTRYD deMICHELE www.wholebodymindfitness.com [email protected] +628119528687 Jakarta, INDONESIA Digestive Organ Job Description THE SMALL INTESTINE Physical Requirements: • Location: below the stomach and surrounded by the large intestine. The small intestine connects the stomach to the large intestine and folds many times to fit inside the abdominal cavity. • Weight: approximately 1% of bodyweight, generally somewhere around 0.7 kg for adults. • Color & Texture: gray-ish purple with a soft, slightly carpet-like feel • Anatomical features: a coiled up hose approximately 3.5 times the length of the body, measuring on average 3.5 meters (almost 20 ft). Surface area is approximately 220 sq. meters (2,400 sq. ft), or nearly as large as a tennis court, due to millions of tiny finger-like projections known as villi. Each villus shall be covered by brush-like endothelial cells, known as the brush border. Small in diameter – only 2.5 – 4 cm (1 – 1.5 inches), and divided into three sections: the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. ! The duodenum is more involved in digestion than absorption. Signals the stomach to stop producing stomach acid, to regulate flow of chyme (partially digested food from stomach) into the intestinal tract, neutralize the acid in the chyme and to start digestive juices and insulin flowing from pancreas ! The jejunum and ileum absorb proteins, fats (which have been broken down into amino acids, glucose and fatty acids), vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, phytochemicals, water and electrolytes (sodium, chloride & potassium) Responsibilities: • Digest macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) • Absorb nutrients with the villi and microvilli present throughout the organ • Maintain an immune system barrier defense • Accept chyme passing from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum • Maintain an alkaline pH (though in first section, the duodenum, pH is acidic due to the fact that it is closest to the stomach and gastric HCl - hydrochloric acid). This is the site of mineral absorption. • Do the bulk of fat digestion using bile from the gallbladder & digestive enzymes from pancreas (incl. lipase, the fat digesting enzyme) • Complete carbohydrate and protein digestion utilizing the pancreatic enzymes amylase (for carbohydrates) and proteases (for proteins); absorb end usable products Undesirable Conditions: • Malabsorbtion of nutrients due to damaged villi (from food allergens, pathogens & toxins, medications like NSAIDS, and heightened cortisol levels due to stress • Crohn’s disease: An inflammatory condition that usually affects the colon and intestines. Abdominal pain and diarrhea (which may be bloody) are symptoms. • Celiac disease: An allergy to gluten (protein found in wheat, barley, rye) that causes the small intestine not to absorb nutrients properly. Abdominal pain and weight loss are usual symptoms. • Duodenal ulcer: A sore in the lining of the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). • Leaky Gut syndrome (intestinal permeability): Minute particles of undigested or partially digested food pass through the swollen and inflamed mucosal wall into the bloodstream, where they cause reactions. • Small Intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): A chronic bacterial infection of the small intestine. The infection is of bacteria that normally live in the gastrointestinal tract but have abnormally overgrown in a location not meant for so many bacteria. References: Bauman, E. PhD, NC102.3 Digestive Physiology [PowerPoint Slides] Retrieved from Bauman College: http://dashboard.baumancollege.org/pluginfile.php/2910/mod_resource/content/5/FON_Materials/102/Lect ure/pdf/102_2_Handout_SmlntstColon_09302013_LB.pdf Bauman, E. PhD (2013). Digestive Physiology, Foundations of Nutrition. Penngrove, CA: Bauman College WebMed website. Retrieved from: http://www.webmd.com/digestivedisorders/picture-of-the-intestines Balch, Phyllis A., CNC (2010). Prescription for Nutritional Healing. New York, NY: The Penguin Group Seibecker, A Dr., SIBOinfo website. Retrieved from: http://www.siboinfo.com/overview.html MedLine Plus website. Retrieved from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pepticulcer.html Lin, Chiba, Baillie (1999). Is the Role of the Small Intestine in First-Pass Metabolism Overemphasized? Pharmacological Reviews, Vol. 51, No. 2. Retrieved from: http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/51/2/135.full.pdf
