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Lecture 10
Nutrition of inflammation, immune and allergy
Cryptomeria pollen
Helminth
Cryptomeria pollen
Non-peculiar IgE
induced by infection
with parasites
Histamine
Serotonin
Histamine
Serotonin
Leukotriene
Obesity cell
Allergy symptom
Leukotriene
Obesity cell
Five signs of inflammation
Biochemical change of
inflammation
①Pain（Pottasium etc）,②Flare(Vasodilator）
③Swelling（Effusion）,④Fever（Hypermetabolism）
⑤Dysfunction
Interleukin 1
Bradykinin
Macrophage
etc
Infection
Injury
Physical
Chemical
Processing
of foreign body
lymphokine
Cell
destruction
Vascular
permeability
factor
T Cell
B Cell
Cell destruction
Anti-body
Polymorphonuclear Food
action
leukocyte
hypermetabolism
Hageman
factor
Endothelium
Vasodilator
vascular
hyperpermeability
Leukocyte
migration
Sterilization
Neutralizing
Tuftsin
Fibroblast proliferation
Collagen,
Histamine, peptide, serotonin, and Leukotoriene B4
Polysaccharide
Chemotactic
Newborn blood vessel
Bacillus
factor
Reborn organization
Local
irritation
1St step
(Circulatory failure and Ocade)
Second stage
(Moist, Proliferation)
Third stage
(Restoration)
Yasuo KAGAWA. “Core, Molecular biology of the
human body”, MARUZEN, 1997, modification of p.222
The first defense line of the infection of the
living body is a skin and a mucous membrane
In the body, first of all, there are a skin and a mucous
membrane as the first defense line. The surface of the skin is
kept moderate acid, and the bacillus and the virus are
prevented from going into it with the mucous membrane in
organs such as the mouth, the throat, the nose, the trachea,
lungs, intestines, and genitals. The cell wall of the bacillus is
melted and the enzyme of lysozyme that goes out of the
mucous membrane such as regarding is defended. Moreover,
it secretes viscous liquid from the mucous membrane and
the foreign enemy is flushed.
And, it is the one that is called activity an immunity system
when this first defense line is exceeded. Our body is
defended from the bacillus and the virus that this immunity
system has gone into it
Union organization is immunity system
to do immunity
•
•
The immunity system consists of the lymphatic tissue about the spleens such as
white blood corpuscles that circulate to the thymus and the whole body distributed
lymph node and marrow and lymphocytes, vermiform appendices, and the
intestines tube walls.
The lymphocyte, the monocyte, the acidophil leukocyte, and saying simply is a
heterophilic leucocyte (Both belong to the white blood corpuscle) with the
immunity system
•
The main cell active by immunity:
•
The heterophilic leucocyte: It sterilizes it eating the suppuration bacterium such as
staphylococci.
The acidophil leukocyte: It has the action that ends the allergic reaction.
Macrophage: Vigorous large cell to act food originate in monocyte.
Lymphocyte: There are two kinds (B and T).
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
B cell: Working that makes the antibody is done.
T cell: Cell that enters thymus, and receives "Education".
The killer T cell: The cell and the tumor cell that receives the infection of the virus
are destroyed.
The helper T cell: The killer T cell and B cell help the function.
There are Th1, Th2, NK, and a lymphocyte such as suppressors T from the role of
B immune function.
Blood
Image
There are many
kinds of the
arrow of white
blood
corpuscles in a
round red
blood corpuscle.
Acidophil
leukocyte
Multi-nuclear
white blood
corpuscle
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
The monocyte
becomes a
macrophage
Basophilic
leukocyte
Kinds of lymphocyte
•
•
•
•
B Cell：product the antibody
T Cell：Killer T cell and Helper T cell
Th1 Cell：Activate Killer T cell、NK cell、macrophage etc.
Th2 Cell：Activate B cell and promote to product
anti-body
• Suppresser T cell：Control immunity and order
attacking stop
• NK cell：The cell and the tumor cell that catches the wog
as well as the killer T cell are destroyed. A point different
from the killer T cell is a leading part of immunity in the
inherent provision with this character
Differentiation of lymphocyte and immune response with B cell and T cell
Blood plasma cell
B Cell
Humoral
Immunity
(B)
Maturity control
Pre
Marrow
B cell
Mature
promoting
Lymphocyte
Stem cell
Activate
B cell
Promoting
Ag antigen
AIDS Virus
Suppresser)
Helper
Macrophage
Interleukin 2
Thymus
T Cell
promote
Intestine
Mucosal immunity
T Cell
Obst
ration
Cell
Delayed
Allergy Mediated
response Immunity
(T)
Destruction of
dissimilar cell
Killer
Yasuo KAGAWA. “Core, Molecular biology of
the human body”, MARUZEN, 1997, p.225
Kind, structure, and function of antibody=immunoglobulin
Ｈ chain
IgM
IgD
IgG
IgA
IgE
μ
δ
γ
α
ε
Κ or λ
Ｌ chain
Number of units in
dimer is assumed to
be one
５
１
１
１or２
１
Ratio in all Ig
10
<1
75
15
<1
Half-life (day)
５
３
25
２
６
Complement
activation
+++
－
++
－
－
Uniting with
englobement
cell
－
－
+
－
－
Uniting with
gemastete cell
－
－
－
－
+
IgM is an antibody where immune reaction appears first. IgG appears as follows
The structure of the antibody:
Antigens are united in Y character type and the point
Antigen uniting part
The part written C is a
common structure.
The point written V is peculiar
in each antigen different
structure, and one antibody
unites only
with one decided antigen.
H is H chain (big peptide) L is
L chain. (small peptide)
“Solid protein structural data base”.Available from
<http://pdbj.protein.osaka-u.ac.jp/> (accessed 2007-11-06)
Only B cell (B2 of figure) that makes the antibody that reacts with a
specific antigen proliferates and it increases production of the
antibody. Selection theory of clone (descendant cell of one cell)
Precursor cell
The precursor cell differentiates
into millions of clones
Various stops
B cell clone
It encounters the antigen that
agrees with the surface
receptor of the b2 clone
B cell consists
monoclone.
Secret anti-body
Secreted anti-body
The b2 clone proliferates,
it matures, and the
antibody with the same
uniting part as the surface
receptor is discharged
Humoral immunity
Pethogen
To blood
Plasma cell
(mature)
Secretion of antibody
Bacillus
Uniting
B Cell
Virus
Virus
Blood plasma cell
Mold
To killer
T cell
(mature)
Heterologous
protein
T Cell
There are two kinds of
immunities.
The humoral immunity
is an antibody, and the Helper T Cell
cell immunity
Lymphokine
destroys the
pathogen by T cell
Cell immunity
Killer T Cell
Cell infected by virus
Dissolution
Differentiation into T cell and B cell of lymphocyte
Hematopoietic
tissue
Thymus
Second lymphoid organs
Lymph node, Spleen etc.
T cell
Hematopoietic
stem cell
Marrow lymphocyte
Hymopoiesis
Antigen
(Mammals)
Antibody
response
B cell
Intracapsular
lymphocyte
Bursa of
Fabricius
(Only birds)
Cellular
Immune
response
Primary lymphoid organs
Represent yellow
Abnormality of immunity system：
Depression and hyperactivity
» Abnormality of the immunity system greatly divides
into two
• It becomes easy to become the infectious
disease and cancer when one is a
decrease in the immune function, and it
decreases
• Another is hyperactivity, and when
immunity works too much, the allergy (hay
fever etc) and autoimmune diseases
(rheumatism etc.) easily will be occured
The symptom of the allergic reaction appears to
a lot of internal organs of the whole body
Eye
Inflammation and eye mist
Conjunctivitis
Respiratory
organs
Bronchial asthma such as
coughs and breathing difficulties
and allergy coryzas
such as runny noses and sneezes
Digestive
organs
Stomachache, vomiting,
and diarrhea that it swells
in lip, tongue, and mouth,
and it becomes itchy in mouth, etc
Whole
body
Heatness, Shock
Nerve
system
Headaches, Dizziness
Skin
Atopic dermatitis
hives, itchy, and
eczema)
Urinary
organs
Blood urine, Protein urine
Symptom of allergy to food
① Skin mucous membrane symptom
Itchy, autumn tint, hives, and eczema
② Digestive organs symptom
Stomachache, diarrhea, and vomiting
③ Respiratory organ symptom
Cough, Sniffles, and Sneeze
④ Anaphylaxis shock
Tired out, pulsus frequens, decreased blood pressure,
and consciousness disorder
What’s allergy to food
Mechanism of immunity
Element of foods
food
symptom
Immunocyte
Mechanism of allergy to food
food
Allergen
ⅠI型：アナフィラキシー型
type : Anaphylaxis type
anti body
Histamine
Roicotorien
Immediate allergic reaction
Mast (obesity) cell
Allergy appearance and IgE antibody
Cryptomeria pollen
Parasite
Cryptomeria pollen
Non-peculiar IgE
induced by infection
with parasites
Histamine
Serotonin
Histamine
Serotonin
Leukotriene
Leukotriene
Mast cell
Allergy symptom
Mast cell
Infant food allergen
Adult food allergen
Ratio including allergen
Lobster, Crab
Egg
Seafood
Milk
Fruit
3
7
11
244 410 350
14
244
Adult
189
3
7
11
244 410 350
14
244
The Ministry of Health and Welfare food allergic task force
Modification from 1997 reports
Adult
189
What’s “Allergy march”
Allergy to food
Baby
Food (egg, milk ,etc)
Infant
Atopic dermatitis
Tick, Housedust
Bronchial asthma
Child
Adult
Pollen
Mold
IgE antibody
Allergy coryza
The number of asthma children doubles in ten years
（The Ministry of Education,School health statistics 2006)
It executed it based on the data of about 3.36 million people
extracted from the kindergarten in the whole country and the
checkup result of elementary schools, junior high schools and high
schools.
Asthma is 2.4 time ten years ago 2.4%(1.0%1996 year) in the
kindergarten 3.8%(1.6%) in the elementary school 3.0%(1.5%) in the
junior high school 1.7%(0.8%) in the kindergarten in the high school.
Six years old decreases in the age and the following have
decreased highest with 4.2%.
Atopic dermatitis has become aggravated as one person in ten of
one-years old halves is hanging in the investigation that the
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare research group executed in
02. The one with doctor's opinion since this time was totaled.
It is 3.8%, and 3.6% in the elementary school in the kindergarten.
2.8% in junior high school and 2.2% in high school
An increase in allergic disease and a decrease of helminth
Rate of infectious (%)
Hygiene theory:
The except
bacterium
goods are
allergic causes
at safety and a
long term in a
short term
Helminth
Allergy coryza
Atopic dermatitis
Bronchial asthma
The helminth is infected and to prevent it, it examined seriously
Diagnosis of allergy to food
Hearing to case history
(Symptom, eating habits, environmental factor, and family medical history)
Observation of examination and symptom
Allergy examination
IgE CAP-RAST examination
Histamine separation reaction
Skin examination
Food removal examination
Food load examination
Food label system including allergen
Specific material that provides by Act of Parliament
① Egg ② Milk or Dairy products ③ Ｗｈｅａｔ
④ Ｂｕｃｋｗｈｅａｔ ⑤ Ｐｅａｎｕｔｓ
Specific material that encourages display
Ear shell, squid, and salmon roe, lobster,
orange, crab, kiwi fruit, beef, walnut, salmon,
mackerel, soybean, chicken, pork,
matsutake mushroom, peach, yam, and
apple and gelatin
The main allergen substitution food
Allergen
Milk
Alternative food
Canadian moisture Totiti
Various foods for milk allergy
Wheat
Low allergy wheat, Rice powder, Starch
Various foods for wheat allergy
Egg
Mayonnaise pulled our egg, Various food for egg
allergy, Water is added to starch and flour and
clothes of the fly are substituted
Soy
Various foods for soybean allergy
Colza oil
Subject in 2004: Food in the future
Trend & innovation section
POSIFood=point
of sale
individualized
food= Food
Tararmaded in counter
Nutrition science and
processing and sales
system
Individual
nourishment,
preference,
beauty, and life
target
Yumeminori
Normal soybean
Tailor housemaid food
"yumeminori“ development
for allergy to food
The allergy is for the
individual.
The research has
succeeded in the β
Ractogrobrin milk,
Reductant cutting
S-S uniting
Is needed
Soybean
protein isolate
Allergic removal
processing
Reductant
is not needed
wheat, and the egg, etc。
Removal method without
reducing agent of
removal by gene change
of α subunit of
allergen and GlymBd28K
and GlymBd30K
Rate of elimination
Main allergen protein
Yasuo KAGAWA, “Nutrient gene in the daily life”,
『Nutrition and cooking』, 72(4), 2006.4 p.166-8
Including amount (mg/g protein)
A fault and a low sulfur amino acid of the soybean protein are solved
by a new kind. Achievement of substitution and tailor-made foods of
milk and egg allergy
Methionine
Cystine
Yumeminori
Tachiyutaka
Chizukadaizu
Name of kind and system
Yasuo KAGAWA, “Nutrient gene in the daily life”,
『Nutrition and cooking』, 72(4), 2006.4 p.166-8
Substitutional food for allergy
The active oxygen is a
compound of reactive oxygen.
There are polyphenol of the red
wine, catechin of tea, vitamin C,
and vitamin E in Anti Oxidant
Biofactor that prevents the
active oxygen from damaging
the human body
Unpaired
electron
酸素
Enzyme
酸素
Enzyme
Superoxide anion
Hydrogen
水素
Unpaired
electron
酸素
Enzyme
Hydroxy radical
Electron Unpaired
水素
酸素
Hydrogen
Enzyme
酸素 Hydrogen
水素
Enzyme
electron
Atomic
nucleus
Atomic
nucleus
Hydrogen peroxide
酸素
Enzyme
Atomic
nucleus
A free radical is reactive
with other materials
Enzyme
酸素
Single paragraph enzyme
The monocyte goes into the tallow that grew fat, and it is a
macrophage and an inflammation
Active
oxygen
Monocyte
Inflammatory
reaction
Chemotaxis
increase
Cardiac
infarction
moist
Activation
Obesity
Non-esterified
fatty acid
Expansion
adypocyte
Exercise
Appropriate
nutrition
Macrophage
Folic acid lack→High homocysteine blood
Tumor necrosis
factor
Monocyte chemoattractant protein
Participation LDL relations to
arteriosclerosis generation
Blood vessel
Active
oxygen
Blood vessel
Oxidation
Oxidation
Macrophage
Oxidation
Oxidation LDL accumulates
in the blood vessel
Arteriosclerosis →
Clot formation
The active oxygen forms not only 8OHdG but also oxidation LDL