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Chapter 1: The Rise of Greek
Civilization
Section 5: The Major States
By Dallin Hardy
Sparta

Sparta


8th century B.C.
Peloponnesus

First Messenian War


725 B.C.
Spartans conquered

Messenians

Helots

Conquered


Messenians
Hereditary serfs

Second Messenian War


650 B.C.
Helots

Revolted

Lycurgus

Legendary lawgiver of


Sparta
Established

Military state

Life of a Spartan Warrior

Age 7


Age 20


Enrolled in the army
Age 30


Entered military school
Allowed to vote
Age 60

Retired from army

“Return from war with
his shield or on it”

Told to a Spartan Warrior

Spartan Life

Family

Disregarded to increase
devotion to the state

Spartan Economic System


Communism
Coins/Money

Forbidden

Spartan Ambition

Win glory and respect of
peers by bravery in war

Spartan Government


Military State
Oligarchy

“Ruled by the few”

Peloponnesian League


6th century B.C.
Alliance of city-states


Peloponnesus
Led by

Sparta
Athens

Athens


6th century B.C.
Attica

Areopagus

Governing council of


Athens
Made up of

Nobility

Draco


621 B.C.
Wrote

Athenian law

Solon



594 B.C.
Statesman
Archon

Received power to enact
reform

Solon’s Reforms



Outlawed debt slavery
Freed slaves
Sound currency

Pisistratus

546 B.C.


Seized power
Tyrant of Athens

Hippias



527-510 B.C.
Tyrant of Athens
510 B.C.

Overthrown

Cleisthenes



510 B.C.
“Father of Athenian
Democracy”
Laws

Voted by assembly

Democracy


Direct rule of the people
Majority rules

Ostracism


Ambitious politicians
Banned from Athens for

10 Years