Download Earth*s Internal Structure

Earth’s Internal Structure
Pg. 290-291
The Crust
• Earth’s solid surface
• Crust is the ________________________
• It separates us from the many hot layers
below
• The closer you are to the Earth’s centre the
_____________________________
• Geologists can dig into the Earth’s crust to
find fossils but it presently impossible for
them to excavate any further that ~10 Km
Mantle
• Upper Mantle
–
–
–
• Lower Mantle
–
–
Core
• Outer Core
–
–
• Inner Core
– Despite high temperatures, the inner part of the
core is
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Comparing the Earth’s structures to an
EGG
•
•
•
•
The ________ is like the Earth’s crust
The _________is the mantle
The _______ is the core
Pg. 291
How the Earth was formed
• In the beginning the Earth was __________
• It was large ball of melted matter
• The __________ elements that were present
(iron and nickel) were drawn to the centre –
forming the _________
• The lighter elements were massed in the Earth’s
_________ (silicon, oxygen, aluminum) – forming
the mantle and the ___________
• The ave. temperature of the Earth dropped and
cause the crust to _______________
Homework
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•
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Pg. 291
#s 1-3
Due next class
On loose-leaf
FOR MARKS!!
Earth’s Relief
Pg. 310
Earth’s Relief
1.
• Even though it feels like you are standing still, the
Earth is in ______________________
• Extreme differences in temperature, powerful
forces cause great pressure on the Earth’s
_________
• The Earth’s crust folds, rises up and fractures
• This gives the Earth’s lithosphere its Relief
– Mountains, valleys, plains and more…
– It is constantly changing b/c of underground forces
3. More than just temperature…
• Winds, water and glaciers combine to alter the
_________________________________
• Erosion affects rocks and the ______________
• Rounds the summit of mountains
• Digs valleys
• Fills up depressions
• Humans also alters the relief by–
_____________________________________
_
Geophysical and Geological phenomena
• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes
Relief’s effect on human activities
• List how humans can have an effect:
–
–
–
–
–
Rocks and Minerals
• Lithosphere: rigid structure that comprises the
Earth’s ______________________________
• Essential to life. How ?
– Enables plants to send down roots
– Provided with minerals needed to grow and
develop
– Offers homes to animals
– Holds natural resources for humans (oil & natural
gas)
Rocks and Minerals
• Rocks and minerals come from the _________
• Rock: a ____________________ blend of
various sized grains of different kinds
• Mineral: __________________________(nonliving) substance
• There are minerals inside of rocks
Formation of rocks
• 3 types of rocks
–
–
–
• Igneous: results from cooling and solidification
of _______________
• Sedimentary: sections of rock that are
_________________________(under
pressure) and ___________________
Minerals
• See page 302
• Can you name some minerals from their
characteristics?
• Create a table listing the mineral name and 2
characteristcis (colour, appearance, shape…)
Rocks
• Metamorphic: rock that
____________________________________
– Caused by heat and pressure
• Read Pages 304-306
• See and copy table on Page 307. Highlight rock
names (put into own words)
Metamorphic: Transforms
• Think Transformers!
Types of Soil
• Soil: surface layer of
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
__
• Without soil, plants would not be able to grow
(as well as water and light)