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Chapter 0:课程概述
课程安排
n 教师：石柯
n 联系方式： 测试分析中心（老设备处）106
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Email：[email protected]
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Web：
4 教育网：http://keshi.iothust.org
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电信网：http://keshi.ubiwna.org
n 上课地点: C12 N304
n 课程网站：
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教育网：http://keshi.iothust.org/
电信网：http://keshi.ubiwna.org/
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讲义将在课后上传至网站供大家下载
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课程资料
n 教科书：
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操作系统原理(第四版). 庞丽萍. 华中科技大学出版社
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计算机操作系统. 庞丽萍. 人民邮电出版社
n 强烈推荐的参考书
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Operating Systems Concepts: 8th/7th Edition，Silberschatz, Galvin
and Gagne
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有第7版的影印版和第6版的中文翻译版
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课程资料
n 如果你想进一步了解:
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课程概述
n 操作系统原理－内容：
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操作系统设计基础
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操作系统的组织结构
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使用的算法
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使用的策略和机制
n 评分标准：
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15% 作业
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15% 实验
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70% 期终考试
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学习要求
n 课前预习
n 认真听课
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笔记
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课堂提问
n 独立思考
n 独立完成作业
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作业在布置后的下一周交，不接收延期的作业
n 独立完成实验
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实验报告在实验结束之后2周提交
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进度安排
n 概述，操作系统的历史，组织结构，硬件支持
Chapter 1，2
n 操作系统的用户界面，并发和进程抽象
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Chapter 3，4
n 进程的同步和互斥，线程
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n 资源管理，死锁，CPU调度
Chapter 5 ，6
n 主存管理
l Chapter 7
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n I/O设备
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Chapter 8
n 文件系统
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Chapter 9
n 习题、复习
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什么是操作系统？ What is an Operating System?
n 计算机系统的核心构件 (Operating systems are the core of a
computer system.)
n 所有的计算机都配备了某种类型的操作系统 (All computers,
including cell phones, cameras, video game consoles, and
even GPS navigators use an OS of some type.)
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But there are multiple kinds of operating systems
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Small devices often have stripped-down operating
systems
n 如果你使用计算机，就会使用操作系统 (If you are using a
computer… you are using an OS)
n 对大多数人来说：
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OS is unknown/scary/frustrating/(boring?) to most people
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什么是操作系统？ What is an Operating System?
n 多种多样的定义 (A number of definitions)
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Just google for define: Operating System
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百度：操作系统定义
n 其中的一些 (A few of them)
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“The software that the rest of the software depends on to
make the computer functional.”
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“The one program running at all times on the computer”
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“A program that manages all other programs in a
computer”
n Can think of the O/S as being “everything between the
programming language and the hardware”
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什么是操作系统？ What is an Operating System?
n 两个主要功能 (Two main functions):
n 管理物理资源 (Manage physical resources):
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It drives various devices
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Eg: CPU, memory, disks, networks, displays, cameras, etc
Efficiently, reliably, tolerating and masking failures, etc
n 为其他应用提供运行环境 (Provide an execution environment to the
applications running on the computer (programs like Word, Emacs))
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Provide virtual resources and interfaces
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Eg: files, directories, users, threads, processes, etc
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Simplify programming through high-level abstractions
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Provide users with a stable environment, mask failures
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什么是操作系统？ What is an Operating System?
n 带来的好处
n Provides layers of abstraction: You can say “Please write
XYZ into file ABC.txt in folder /foo”, instead of “Load register
XFY with ID segment at HDD of type 0x4333,… etc”.
n Protects users from each other: I can’t read your files, you
can’ read mine.
n Shares resources efficiently; can give impression to each
user of running on the machine alone.
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What is in an OS?
Applications
FireFox
Sql Server
Windowing & graphics
System Utils
Shells
Naming
Windowing & Gfx
Networking
Virtual Memory
Generic I/O
File System
OS Interface
Operating
System
Services
Device Drivers
Access Control
Process Management
Memory Management
Physical m/c Intf
Interrupts, Cache, Physical Memory, TLB, Hardware Devices
Logical OS Structure
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Issues in OS Design
n Structure: how is an operating system organized ?
n Sharing: how are resources shared among users ?
n Naming: how are resources named by users or programs ?
n Protection: how is one user/program protected from another ?
n Security: how to authenticate, control access, secure
privacy ?
n Performance: why is it so slow ?
n Reliability and fault tolerance: how do we deal with failures ?
n Extensibility: how do we add new features ?
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Issues in OS Design
n Communication: how can we exchange information ?
n Concurrency: how are parallel activities created and
controlled ?
n Scale, growth: what happens as demands or resources
increase ?
n Persistence: how can data outlast processes that created
them
n Compatibility: can we ever do anything new ?
n Distribution: accessing the world of information
n Accounting: who pays bills, and how to control resource
usage
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为什么要学习这门课程？ Why take this course?
n Operating systems are the core of a computer system
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To use computers effectively, you need to know
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How to code applications in a programming language
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How those applications can ask the OS to perform actions for it
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How the computer hardware really works
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The OS is a bridge between the hardware and your
application
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The OS also creates a number of new abstractions beyond
what the hardware has built into it (example: “shared memory”)
n Operating systems are exceptionally complex systems
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Huge, parallel, very expensive, and hard to build
4 Windows
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Vista, Windows 7.0: 1000s of people, decades …
We want to learn to build complex things, too!
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目标 Goal
n 学习复杂系统，特别是具有并发特性的复杂系统的运作和构
造 - Learn to reason about complex systems (especially
ones that employ concurrency)
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Internet, air traffic control, e-government, weather
sensing and prediction systems, social networks, etc
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操作系统是此类系统的典型 - Operating systems are the
“archetypical” example of a highly complex yet structured
system.
n We’ll want to
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Understand how to structure a big system
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Understand how to exploit concurrency
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Prove the correctness of our solutions
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方法
n 理论联系实际 - Sometimes, reading about it just isn’t the
same as doing it…
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Knowing how an O/S works is useful
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Hands-on experience building systems is invaluable
n Virtualbox (or VMWare)
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Linux
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End of Chapter 0