Download Ch 5-2 NOTES - Coach Simpson`s World

Greeks
Ch. 5
Sec. 2
Purpose:
Recognize the
contrasting
cultures of
Athens and
Sparta
Rule and Order in
Greek City-States
*Independent city with their own separate form of
government
Greek Political Unit
POLIS – City-State
and all land which
surrounds it.
Acropolis – fortified
hill top with a public
center.
Agora – is a public
center.
*Examples of City
States: Athens, Sparta
and Thebes
Mastery Check
Athens, Sparta, and Thebes were all citystates which are
a. Governmental service units that are linked
through civil service exams
b. Independent cities with their own separate
form of governments
c. A part of an alliance against the Byzantines
d. None of the above
Rule and Order in Greek City-States
New Kind of Army Emerges
 Bronze replaced by Iron
Weapons become cheaper
“Citizen” Army develops –
Hoplites (based on the
shields they carried called a
hoplon).
Military Tactics – Use of
PHALANX
most powerful fighting
force in the ancient
world.
Rule and Order in Greek City-States
Tyrants Seize Power
Unrest in areas would
cause revolts of
established
governments
Powerful individuals,
tyrants, gained control
of government by
appealing to the
discontent.
Sparta Builds a Military State
Sparta Dominates
Messeneians
Sparta defeated the
Messenia in 725 BC
the defeated became
“helots”, peasants
forced to stay and work
on the land.
Horrible History-Spartan HS
Muscial
Sparta Builds a Military State
*Sparta’s Government (Oligarchy)-small
group of powerful people
Assembly – composed of free adult males,
elected officials and voted on issues.
Council of Elders – proposed laws on which the
assembly voted.
Ephors –Five elected officials carried out the
laws including education and judicial matters.
Kings – two kings ruled over Sparta’s military.
Mastery Check
3. A form of government ruled by a small
group of powerful people and characterized
the government of ancient Sparta is a or an
a.
Aristocracy
b. Democracy
c.
Monarchy
d. Oligarchy
Spartan Society
Society
Citizens – descended
from original
inhabitants
Non-citizens – free
but original to area
worked in commerce
and industry.
Helots – vanquished
people little better
than slaves.
Spartan Society
Education (Ancient Warriors Video:
Spartans)
Boys – centered around military life from 6 – 24
Girls – treated equally tough (trained, ran, wrestled
and played sports) but education in domestic
matters.
All forms of individual expression were
discouraged in pursuit of ultimate military.
Horrible History-Sparta Teacher
Conference
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
Political Developments
in Athens
Direct Democracy enabled
Athens to avoid civil war
State ruled by its citizens
Rule is based on
citizenship
Majority rule decides vote
Forms of Government Found in
Greece
Monarchy
State ruled by a
king.
Rule is hereditary
Some rulers claim
divine right.
Forms of Government
Aristocracy
State ruled by nobles
Rule is hereditary and
based on land
ownership
Social status and
wealth support
rulers’ authority
Athens
Forms of Government
Oligarchy
*State ruled by
small group of
citizens
Rule is based on
wealth
Ruling group
controls military
Sparta
Forms of Government
Direct Democracy
State ruled by its citizens
Rule is based on citizenship
*People vote directly for leaders
United States system of voting is
modeled after this
Majority rule decided vote
Athens
Mastery Check
In order for a democracy to be a direct democracy, laws must
be
a.
Written down
b. Freely debated
c.
Voted on by citizens
d.
Voted on by representatives
Which of the following forms of government is more closely
related to our form of government in the United States?
a.
Monarchy
b.
Aristocracy
c.
Oligarchy
d.
Direct Democracy
Horrible History-Sparta/Athens Wife Swap
The Persian Wars
Battle of Marathon
520 BC Ionian Greeks revolted against Persia. Athens
sends military aid. Persia attacks Greece in 490 BC on
the plain of Marathon Greek Phalanxes defeated the
Persians.
Thermopylae
Xerxes assembled an enormous fleet that landed in
Greece without conflict until they reached the mountain
pass of Thermopylea. There the Spartans attacked. By
refused to retreat the Spartans sacrificed themselves
and galvanized the Greek forces in 480 BC.
Salamis
Athens attempted to battle Xerxes at sea and in decisive
sea battle at Salamis, the Greek forces sank 1/3 of the
Persian fleet as their king watched from nearby shores
in 480 BC
Platea
Final battle in which Greece’s Army defeats the
remaining forces of Persia in 479 BC
The Result of the Persian Wars
1. Greek City-States felt sense of freedom
2. Athens becomes leader of Delian League.
3. League prevents future attacks by Persia.
4. Athens uses League $$ to develop a Navy and
pay for other civic projects.
5. Athens enters into
Golden Age.
Gree
Mastery Check
Which city state practiced an Oligarchy?
A. Athens
B. Sparta
C. Both
D. Neither
Mastery Check
Which city state practiced an Oligarchy?
A. Athens
B. Sparta
C. Both
D. Neither
Closure:
T-shirt activity:
Make a “Game Day” slogan for Athens or
Sparta
Make a list of 5 traits of Athens and Sparta
Then design a tshirt that they would have worn that
represents the traits they are MOST know for
Color your “t-shirt”