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Download Body System Function Structure Skeletal Support and locomotion
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Human Body Systems Body System Skeletal Function Support and locomotion; keeps body upright, muscle attachment, support Structure Bones – calcified structures Cartilage – softer than bone (Ex: Nose) Ligaments – connect bone to bone Tendon – connect bone to muscle Muscular Locomotion, moving, swallowing, breathing Integumentary Protection, maintains homeostasis, keeps body warm Digestive Extract chemical energy from foods Muscles – always work in pairs Smooth – involuntary, ex: stomach Striated – voluntary, ex: biceps Cardiac - heart Skin – regulates transport in/out of cell Epidermis – outermost layer, has oil, regulates transport Dermis – middle layer, heat and touch receptors Subcutaneous Layer - lowermost layer, fat and blood vessels Hair – keeps body warm Nails Mouth – teeth and saliva break down foods Esophagus – carries food from mouth to stomach Stomach – uses Hydrochloric acid to break down food Small Intestine – absorbs nutrients into the blood stream Large Intestine – absorbs water and makes vitamins Liver – produces bile, breaks down fats Gallbladder – stores bile Pancreas – makes insulin to breakdown sugar, produces digestive hormones Endocrine Produces hormones Hormones regulate body functions Hypothalamus – (brain) connects nervous and endocrine system, produces ADH Pituitary Gland – (brain) controls the release of hormones through other glands Thyroid Gland (throat) – produces hormones that control metabolism Parathyroid Gland – produces a hormone that releases calcium into the blood Adrenal Gland (kidney) – produces epinephrine Pancreas – regulates blood sugar levels, insulin and glucagon Ovaries – produce female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone Testes – produce male sex hormone, testosterone Excretory Process and remove waste from the body Kidney – processes wastes from the blood stream Ureter – transports wastes from kidney to bladder Bladder – holds waste and reabsorbs water Urethra – wastes exit the body Rectum – removes solid waste from the digestive tract Skin – remove waste, salt and urea through sweat Lungs – remove Carbon Dioxide Immune Identification and removal of pathogens Skin – prevents pathogens from entering the body Tonsils & Spleen – produce antibodies Antibodies – attack and destroy antibodies White blood cells – engulf and destroy foreign objects Lymph Nodes – filter the blood Infectious Disease – Caused by a disease causing pathogen entering the body. Autoimmune Disease – Caused by the immune system attacking body cells. Male: Testes – produce sperm and testosterone Penis – deliver sperm to female Female: Ovary – produces estrogen, progesterone, and eggs Uterus – ideal environment from growing egg Reproductive To combine genetic information from both parents and pass the information to the next generation Nervous Coordinate information from the environment with a reaction Neuron – ‘Nerve Cell’, highly specialized cell that sends signals Brain – control center, receives, processes and sends signals Cerebrum – intelligence & language Cerebellum – balance & coordination Medulla Oblongata – involuntary movements Central Nervous System (CNS) – brain & spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – connects CNS to the rest of the body Circulatory Transport water, nutrients and wastes to and from cells Heart – pumps blood throughout the body Atria – top, where blood enters Ventricles – bottom, where blood leaves Blood Vessels – transport the blood Arteries – go away from the heart Capillaries – site of nutrient/waste exchange Veins – go back to the heart Blood – Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen and nutrients White Blood Cells – attack pathogens Plasma – the liquid Platelet – healing and repair Respiratory Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide Mouth, Lungs Larynx – voice box Pharynx – back of the throat Trachea – tube that connects the mouth and lungs Bronchi – two major branches of trachea Bronchioles – branches of the bronchi Alveoli – where gas exchange occurs Homeostasis – Maintenance of a balanced internal environment. Feedback – A communication system between all organ systems to help maintain homeostasis.
