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Regio cruris - Leg o between knee & ankle joint o includes most of tibia & fibula Distally, structures pass between the leg & foot mainly through tarsal tunnel on the posteromedial side of the ankle, Except anterior tibial artery & ends of the deep and superficial fibular nerves Deep fascia of the leg Crural fascia Two intermuscular septa pass, together with the interosseous membrane, divide the leg into 3 compartments Anterior compartment Lateral compartment Posterior compartment Inferiorly, two band-like thickenings of the fascia form retinacula that bind the tendons of the anterior compartment muscles, preventing them from bowstringing anteriorly during dorsiflexion of the joint: Superior extensor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Flexor Retinaculum Between medial malleolus & calcaneus Binds posterior leg’s deep muscles’ tendons to medial malleolus Superior Peroneal Retinaculum Connects the lateral malleolus to calcaneus Binds the tendons of peroneus longus & brevis to lateral malleolus Inferior Peroneal Retinaculum Binds the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles to calcaneus Dorsiflexor (extensor) compartment Located anterior to the interosseous membrane between the lateral surface of the shaft of tibia and medial surface of shaft of the fibula anterior to the intermuscular septum that connects them. Bounded anteriorly by the deep fascia of the leg and skin. Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius Lateral condyle of tibia Superior ¾ of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle Lateral condyle of tibia Superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane Medial cuneiform Base of 1st metatarsal Dorsiflexes ankle Inverts foot Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux) Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint and inverts the foot at the intertarsal joints. During walking, provides dynamic support for the medial arch of the foot. Extensor hallucis longus Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle Extensor digitorum longus Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Fibularis tertius Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot Passes forward into the anterior compartment of leg through an aperture in the interosseous membrane. Begins at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle @ ankle joint midway between the malleoli Name change dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of the foot). Distally, gives rise to anterior medial malleolar artery anterior lateral malleolar artery pass posteriorly around the distal ends of the tibia and fibula, respectively. Deep fibular (peroneal nerve) anterior tibial artery innervates all muscles in the anterior compartment; [continues into the dorsal aspect of the foot] innervates the extensor digitorum brevis, first two dorsal interossei muscles, and supplies the skin between the great and second toes. Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle Neurological Examination Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Fibularis longus & fibularis brevis Skin on the distal part of the anterior surface of the leg and dorsal areas of the foot and toes except for: the web space between the great and second toes Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur Popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Posterior aspect of head and superior ¼ of posterior surface of fibula Soleal line and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia Tendinous arch extending between the bony attachments Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur Oblique popliteal ligament Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur Lateral meniscus Posterior surface of tibia Superior to soleal line Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line by a broad tendon to fibula Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux) Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula Inferior part of interosseous membrane Tuberosity of navicular Cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus Bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals Interosseous membrane Posterior surface of tibia inferiorto soleal line Posterior surface of fibula Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee Plantaris Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle Tibialis posterior Plantarflexes ankle Fibularis longus- Fibularis brevis Weakly plantarflexes ankle Gastrocnemius: Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint Soleus: Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot Popliteus acts on the knee joint Unlocking the extended knee @ the initation of flexion Others plantarflex the ankle with two continuing on to flex the toes. Tibialis posterior: Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot Popliteal artery Major blood supply to the leg and foot Passes into the posterior compartment of leg between the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles. under the tendinous arch formed between the fibular and tibial heads of the soleus muscle @ posterior compartment of leg divides into anterior tibial artery & posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery two major branches, the circumflex fibular artery and fibular artery: Nutrient artery of tibia Largest nutrient artery in the body Arises from the origin of the anterior or posterior tibial artery. Tibial nerve Passes o under the tendinous arch formed between fibular and tibial heads of the soleus muscle o vertically through the deep region of the posterior compartment of leg on the surface of tibialis posterior muscle with the posterior tibial vessels. Tibial nerve Leaves the posterior compartment of leg at the ankle via tarsal tunnel behind the medial malleolus. Enters the foot to supply most intrinsic muscles and skin. Tibial nerve In the leg, gives rise to: • branches that supply all the muscles in the posterior compartment of leg • 2 cutaneous branches sural nerve & medial calcaneal nerve