Download sswhhl08na_aksec0205..

Answer Key
Interactive Reader and Study Guide
4. Both tell about Greek wars, but the Iliad
uses poetry while Herodotus’s writings
were prose, and the Iliad was at least
partially made up of legends, while
Herodotus tried to tell events as they
actually happened.
5. They used balance, proportion, harmony,
and clean, simple geometry.
Chapter 6: Rome and
Early Christianity
CHAPTER SUMMARY
1. It was located in the center of the
Mediterranean and it had access to trade
routes.
2. These tribes forced the Roman empire to
spend more money on the military,
causing economic problems. The tribes
eventually defeated the empire in the west.
3. Students’ responses may vary but some
may cite Christianity because it spread
throughout the world and endures today.
4. Possible response: Rome should have
allied with the tribes to build a larger
empire and given people their freedom so
that they might cooperate more,
preventing future civil wars.
SECTION 4
Taking Notes
Alexander’s empire: Greece, Persia, Egypt,
Phoenicia, Central Asia
Hellenistic world: dozens of cities established
by Alexander, some turned into centers of
trade or learning; influenced by Greek ideas,
philosophy, art and architecture
Section Summary
1. With his reorganized army and relative
closeness to the Greek city-states, Phillip
was able to invade and conquer quickly.
2. Students will underline: Greece, Asia
Minor, Phoenicia, Egypt, Iraq, and Central
Asia.
3. Possible answer: He wanted his empire to
stay together and not be weakened by
fighting between cultures that did not get
along.
4. Some cities became trade centers, where
goods and ideas like the teachings of
Judaism were exchanged. Places that had
been governed as democracies became
monarchies. Women had access to
education and could own property, which
were new freedoms.
5. Cynics believed people should live
according to nature, rejecting pleasure,
wealth, and social responsibility.
Epicureans believed people should seek
pleasure and avoid pain. Stoics
emphasized reason, self-discipline,
emotional control and personal morality.
SECTION 1
Taking Notes
Origin: may have been founded by Romulus
and Remus; built by the Latins; ruled by
Etruscans from 600-605 BC
Government: became a republic in 509 BC;
Senate and consuls governed Rome under new
constitution
Expansion: Rome defeated Etruscans and
southern Italy by 265 BC; seized Carthage life
after the Punic Wars; controlled all of the
Mediterranean by 133 BC
Section Summary
1. Students should underline: “Its mountains
provided protection from invaders and the
coastline offer a rapid means of
transportation via sea travel. Rich soil and
a pleasant climate made it possible for
many people to live there.”
2. by electing tribunes and forcing the
patricians to write down all laws
3. Students should circle Senate, various
assemblies, and magistrates.
4. Possible response: Because he valued his
farm more than keeping his political
power.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
249
Teacher Management System
Spanish/English Interactive Reader
and Study Guide
b. similar—forms of plays; different—
tragedies focused on hardships of heroes;
comedies exposed flaws in society
c. possible answer—Both analyzed
events.
3. a. scenes from every day life; on vases,
plates, and other vessels
b. to show beauty and grace
c. possible answers—to represent the
glory of Athens; to honor the gods
4. Epic—stories about great events and
heoroes; Homer; Lyric poetry—poems
dealing with emotions and desires;
Sappho, Pindar; History—writing that
analyzes the past; Herodotus, Thucydides;
Xenophon; Drama—art of playwriting;
Aeschuylus, Sophocles, Euripedes;
Comedy—plays written to expose flaws of
society; Aristophanes
5. Student letters should use reason to agree
or disagree with Plato’s belief about
philosophers
Answer Key
monarchies. Women had access to
education and could own property, which
were new freedoms.
5. Cynics believed people should live
according to nature, rejecting pleasure,
wealth, and social responsibility.
Epicureans believed people should seek
pleasure and avoid pain. Stoics
emphasized reason, self-discipline,
emotional control and personal morality.
Section Assessment
1. a. Persia, Egypt, Phoenicia, Central Asia
b. Thebes had rebelled.
c. possible answer—He realized he could
not conquer India with his frustrated army.
2. a. Greeklike; reflects cultural blending
b. married Persian princesses; appointed
officials from various cultures; encouraged
Greeks to move
c. ideal location for trade; busiest harbor
3. a. Cynincism—rejected ideas of pleasure,
wealth, and social responsibility;
Epicureanism—seek pleasure, close
friendships, avoid pain; Stoicism—
emphasized reason, self-discipline,
emotional control, morality
b. conveyed more emotion and movement
c. possible answer—Euclid, because
geometry has since been used in countless
practical applications
4. Life—became king at age 20, died at age
33 without an heir; Career—built
enormous empire; Legacy—encouraged
blending of cultures
5. Student paragraphs should describe one
incident in the life of Alexander, paying
careful attention to detail and sequence.
SECTION 4
Taking Notes
Alexander’s empire: Greece, Persia, Egypt,
Phoenicia, Central Asia
Hellenistic world: dozens of cities established
by Alexander, some turned into centers of
trade or learning; influenced by Greek ideas,
philosophy, art and architecture
Section Summary
1. With his reorganized army and relative
closeness to the Greek city-states, Phillip
was able to invade and conquer quickly.
2. Students will underline: Greece, Asia
Minor, Phoenicia, Egypt, Iraq, and Central
Asia.
3. Possible answer: He wanted his empire to
stay together and not be weakened by
fighting between cultures that did not get
along.
4. Some cities became trade centers, where
goods and ideas like the teachings of
Judaism were exchanged. Places that had
been governed as democracies became
Spanish
SECCIÓN 1
Tomar notas
primeros griegos: los micénicos fueron los
primeros griegos, muy influenciados por la
civilización anterior de los minoicos en Creta;
trabajaban como comerciantes; guerreros
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
333
Teacher Management System
Spanish/English Interactive Reader
and Study Guide
Answer Key
SECCIÓN 4
3. Las respuestas variarán. Posible respuesta:
Las personas se identificaban con las
luchas de las personas de la historia y
reconocían los temas universales. También
les gustaban las historias sobre los dioses
en los que creían.
4. Ambas hablan sobre guerras griegas, pero
la Ilíada usa poesía mientras que los
escritos de Heródoto eran prosa, y la
Ilíada estaba compuesta al menos
parcialmente de leyendas, mientras que
Heródoto intentó contar los sucesos tal
como sucedieron.
5. Utilizaron el equilibrio, la proporción, la
armonía y la geometría pura y simple.
Tomar notas
Imperio de Alejandro: Grecia, Persia, Egipto,
Fenicia, Asia Central
Mundo helenístico: docenas de ciudades
establecidas por Alejandro, algunas se
convirtieron en centros de comercio o de
enseñanza; influenciado por las ideas, la
filosofía, el arte y la arquitectura griegas
Resumen de la sección
1. Como tenía a su ejército reorganizado y
estaba relativamente cerca de las ciudadesestado griegas, Filipo pudo invadir y
conquistar rápidamente.
2. Los estudiantes subrayarán: Grecia, Asia
Menor, Fenicia, Egipto, Irak y Asia
Central.
3. Posible respuesta: Quería que su imperio
se mantuviera unido y no fuera debilitado
por las luchas entre las culturas que no se
llevaban bien.
4. Algunas ciudades se convirtieron en
centros de comercio, donde se
intercambiaban mercancías e ideas como
las enseñanzas del judaísmo. Lugares que
habían sido gobernados por democracias
se convirtieron en monarquías. Las
mujeres tenían acceso a la educación y
podían poseer propiedades, que eran dos
nuevas libertades.
5. Los cínicos creían que las personas debían
vivir según la naturaleza, rechazando el
placer, la riqueza y la responsabilidad
social. Los epicúreos creían que las
personas deben buscar el placer y evitar el
dolor. Los estoicos enfatizaban la razón, la
autodisciplina, el control emocional y la
moralidad personal.
Evaluación de la sección
1. a. haciendo preguntas
b. porque eran los más calificados
c. destacaba las observaciones cuidadosas
y el pensamiento racional
2. a. un poeta; la Ilíada y la Odisea
b. similares: tipos de obras de teatro;
diferentes: las tragedias se concentraban
en las dificultades de los héroes; las
comedias exponían los defectos de la
sociedad
c. posible respuesta: Ambos analizaban
sucesos.
3. a. escenas de la vida diaria; en jarrones,
platos y otros recipientes
b. mostrar belleza y gracia
c. posibles respuestas: para representar la
gloria de Atenas; para honrar a los dioses
4. Poema épico: historias sobre grandes
sucesos y héroes; Homero; Poesía lírica:
poemas que tratan las emociones y los
deseos; Safo, Píndaro; Historia: escrito
que analiza el pasado; Heródoto,
Tucídides; Jenofonte; Teatro: arte de la
dramaturgia; Esquilo, Sófocles, Eurípides;
Comedia: obras de teatro escritas para
exponer los defectos de la sociedad;
Aristófanes
5. En sus cartas, los estudiantes deben
utilizar la razón para decir si están de
acuerdo o en desacuerdo con la creencia
de Platón sobre los filósofos.
Evaluación de la sección
1. a. Persia, Egipto, Fenicia, Asia Central
b. Tebas se había rebelado.
c. posible respuesta: Se dio cuenta de que
no podría conquistar la India con su
ejército frustrado.
2. a. parecido a los griegos; refleja la mezcla
cultural
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
336
Teacher Management System
Answer Key
Classical Greece
4. Eratosthenes
5. Hellenistic
6. Alexander the Great
Vocabulary Builder
SECTION 1
Answers will vary but should include
definitions of four of the following terms:
polis, acropolis, agora, helots, hoplites, hubris.
Biography
Alice Kober
1. Students might describe Kober’s lack of
preparation or the shortage of paper during
World War II.
2. Possible response: Given the situation, the
type of work involved, and the fact that
Kober’s analysis helped decipher the
tablet, it would seem that she was right.
1. helots
2. polis
3. marketplace
4. a high area
5. foot soldiers
6. city-state
7. great pride
ACTIVITY
SECTION 2
Letters will vary but should reflect an
understanding of the role of historical record
in preserving memory and achieving
understanding of ancient cultures.
1. Cleisthenes set the stage for Athenian
democracy. He divided Athens into tribes
based on where people lived and then
made these tribes the basis for elections.
Each tribe elected 50 men to serve on the
council that proposed laws.
2. Pericles was an influential politician who
was a great champion of democracy. He
was also a great patron of the arts and
commissioned the building of several
monuments.
3. democracy
4. direct democracy
5. Solon
6. tyrant
Solon
1. Solon’s rousing work “Salamis”
eventually inspired Athenians to take back
up the battle for Salamis.
2. Possible response: Poetry might have
made his ideas more appealing and
interesting to others.
ACTIVITY
Students should list the Seven Wise Men of
Greece (Bias, Chilon, Cleobulus, Periander,
Pittacus, Solon, and Thales) and their
accomplishments.
SECTION 3
Answers will vary but should be a summary of
the section that includes six of the following
terms: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, reason, logic,
Homer, Herodotus, lyric poetry, Thucydides.
Aristophanes
1. Aristophanes’ targets included the
Peloponnesian War, Cleon, Socrates and
the Sophists, and Euripides.
2. Possible response: Aristophanes seemed to
be a popular playwright. Punishing him
might have angered the public and created
more trouble than it was worth.
1. F; Aristotle
2. T
3. F; Plato
4. poetry that tells stories
5. confusion; disordered thinking
6. appropriate
ACTIVITY
SECTION 4
Answers will vary. Students should use humor
to critique a local issue or public official.
1. Archimedes
2. Alexander the Great
3. Euclid
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Full Survey Chapter 5
24
Classical Greece
Answer Key
Classical Greece
Chapter Test, Form A
from studying tombs. The Shang believed
in an afterlife. They consulted their
ancestors using oracle bones. Shang
writing appears on the bones. Wealthy
Shang hunted for sport and collected
expensive objects made of bronze or jade.
7. New Kingdom Egyptians were surrounded
by desert. Where possible they used
waterways such as the Nile, Euphrates or
sea to transport trade goods. They used
overland routes where the Nile was
obstructed by cataracts.
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. d
5. c
6. b
7. c
8. e
9. h
18. Mycenaeans
19. agora
20. direct democracy
21. Peloponnesian War
22. Plato
23. Euripides
24. Phillip II
25. Hellenistic
Chapter 5: Classical
Greece
Section Quiz
SECTION 1
1. F; The Mycenaean civilization developed
after the Minoan civilization.
2. T
3. F; A polis was built around a high area
called an acropolis.
4. T
5. T
Chapter Test, Form B
Possible responses:
1. The Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations
were two distinct civilizations that
developed in early Greece. The Minoan
civilization was based on the island of
Crete. The later Mycenaean civilization
had cities on the Greek mainland.
Mycenaeans copied Minoan writing to
develop their own writing system. Both
the Mycenaeans and the Minoans were
great traders. However, Mycenaean
society was dominated by competition,
war, and powerful kings. Eventually, the
Mycenaeans conquered the Minoans.
Historians consider the Mycenaeans the
first Greeks.
2. Athens became the leading city-state after
the Greek victory in the Persian Wars. It
was the head of the Delian League, and
controlled the league’s ships and money.
Athens would not allow league members
to quit. Over time the league turned into
an Athenian empire. Athens used the
league’s treasury to rebuild the city with
grand public buildings. In addition,
Pericles, who led the city-state for many
years, was a great patron of the arts.
SECTION 2
1. Athens
2. people
3. Draco
4. Solon
5. tyrant
6. Persians
7. Peloponnesian
8. Pericles
9. sea
10. Macedonia
SECTION 3
1. b
2. e
3. m
4. c
5. a
10. c
11. k
12. a
13. m
14. i
15. d
16. g
17. j
6. g
7. k
8. d
9. f
10. i
SECTION 4
1. T
2. F; Kingdoms replaced city-states.
3. T
4. F; There were tremendous advances in
science and technology.
5. T
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Full Survey Chapter 5
24
Classical Greece
Answer Key
Classical Greece
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Full Survey Chapter 5
25
Classical Greece