Download 組織學 Histology

組織學
Histology
台北醫學大學/解剖學科
教授：邱瑞珍
分機號碼：3261
電子郵件信箱：[email protected]
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Endocrine System (II)
解剖學科 馮琮涵 副教授
分機3250
E-mail: [email protected]
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學習目的
• 希望同學知道各內分泌腺體的顯微構造
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參考資料
• Junqueira's Basic Histology, twelfth edition,
text and atlas, Anthony L. Mescher,
McGraw-Hill Companies
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Summary
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pineal gland
– Pinealocytes, glial cells, brain sand
thyroid gland
– Thyroid follicles: colloid, follicular cells, parafollicular cells
parathyroid gland
– Principal cells, oxyphil cells
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adrenal gland
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cortex
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculate: spongiocyte
Zona reticularis
medulla
Chromaffin cells, ganglion cells
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Adrenal glands
(supra-renal glands)
Location: just superior to the kidney
Blood supply: suprarenal arteries from
– inferior phrenic arteries, abdominal aorta,
renal arteries
Adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa → mineralocorticoids
(aldosterone)
Zona fasciculata → glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Zona reticularis → adrenocortical androgens
Adrenal medulla
Chromaffin cells(modified sympathetic neurons)
→ norepinephrine and epinephrine 6
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Figure 20.13
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Pineal gland
Location: at the end of roof of diencephalons
(with brain sand – calcium particle)
1. Pinealocytes (modified neurons)
→ melatonin
2. Neuroglia cells
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Hypothalamus
Neurons in hypothalamus
→ releasing or inhibiting hormone
→ hypophyseal portal system
→ adeno-hypophysis
Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or
Supraoptic nucleus (SON)
→ hypothalami-hypophyseal tract
→ neuro-hypophysis
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Thymus
Location: lower neck and anterior thorax
behind the sternum
Epithelial reticular cells
→ thymic hormone
– stimulate T-lymphocyte transformation
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Pancreas
Location: posterior and inferior to the stomach
Exocrine portion : pancreatic acini
Endocrine portion : islets of Langerhans
1. alpha cells → glucagon
– raises blood sugar level
2. beta cells → insulin
– lowers blood sugar level
3. delta cells → somatostatin
– inhibit the secretion of
glucagon & insulin
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islets of Langerhans
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islets of Langerhans
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islets of Langerhans
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Ovaries
Follicular cells or theca interna cells
→ estrogens and progesterone
Testes
Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
→ testosterone
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Other endocrine tissues
Gastrointestinal tract
Enteroendocrine cells – hormone-secreting cells
1. gastrin – promote secretion of gastric juice
and movement of GI tract
2. cholecystokinin (CCK) – promote secretion
of pancreatic juice and bile
Placenta
Estrogen, progesterone,
corticotropin-releasing hormone
human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)
– stimulate the corpus luteum to continue
the production of estrogens and
progesterone to maintain pregnancy
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Kidney
1. Juxtaglomerular cells → renin
– stimulate adrenal cortex secrete aldosterone
2. Intersititial cells of CT or endothelial cells
→ erythropoietin (EPO)
– stimulate bone marrow to increase
production of red blood cells
Heart
Specialized cardiac muscle cells in atria
→ atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
– decrease blood volumn,
blood pressure, blood sodium (Na+)
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E-11, 12, 14 pineal body
• Pinealocyte (larger nucleus)
• Neuroglia cell
• Brain sand
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E-51, 52, 53 adrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
Adrenal medulla
chromaffin cells
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