Download Unit 9 ~ Learning Guide Name

BCLN Science 7 - Rev. Sept/2015
Unit 9 ~ Learning Guide Name: ______________________________
Instructions:
Using a pencil, complete the following notes as you work through the related lessons. Show ALL
work as is explained in the lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you
write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions if you don’t understand anything!
Moving Plates Questions
1. Complete the table with a labelled diagram of each type of plate boundary, an explanation of
each type of boundary along with the effects the boundaries have, and an example of where
this type of boundary is found in the world.
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Explanation:
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Explanation:
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Example:
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BCLN Science 7 - Rev. Sept/2015
2. Please watch the video to answer the following questions.
a) What was the name of the meteorologist and geophysicists who first wrote about
continental drift? What was the name of the book he wrote?
b) Which type of plate boundary is believed to have separated North and South America
from Africa and Europe?
c) What are the devastating effects of plate tectonics?
d) Which type of volcanism is most dangerous? Given an example.
e) How are landslides caused by plate boundaries?
f) How are tsunamis caused by convergence?
Earthquakes Questions
1. Explain what an earthquake is and how they are caused.
BCLN Science 7 - Rev. Sept/2015
2. Complete the table below with point-form notes about the causes and characteristics of
earthquakes at each type of boundary. You should have several point form notes (3-5).
Earthquakes at
Earthquakes at Divergent
Earthquakes at Transform
Convergent
Boundaries
Fault Boundaries
Boundaries
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3. What are seismic waves caused and how do they relate to the destruction caused by
earthquakes?
4. Use the Venn diagram below to compare the similarities and difference between PrimaryWaves (P-Waves) and Secondary-Waves (S-Waves) produced by seismic waves. Use point
form to complete the diagram.
BCLN Science 7 - Rev. Sept/2015
5. What are some of the causes of tsunamis?
6. What height (meters) and speed (km/h) can tsunamis reach?
7. What happens when tsunamis reach shallower water?
8. What factors affect how destructive a tsunami is?
Volcano Questions
1. What is a volcano and where do they usually occur?
BCLN Science 7 - Rev. Sept/2015
2. Complete the table with point-form notes about the formation and characteristics of each
type of volcano at the different plate boundaries.
Divergent
Boundaries
Convergent
Boundaries
Hot Spots
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3. List the plate boundaries where volcanoes are found in British Columbia? Are they located
anywhere else in B.C.?
4. List the volcanoes in each plate boundary area or hot spots in B.C.
Plate Boundary/Hot Spot
Divergent Boundary
Hot Spot
Convergent Boundary
Volcanoes Listed
BCLN Science 7 - Rev. Sept/2015
Answer Key
Moving Plates Answers:
1.
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Explanation:
-two plates are moving towards each
other causing one to sink beneath the
other
-called a subduction zone
-three types of convergent boundaries
(oceanic-oceanic, oceaniccontinental, continental-continental)
Explanation:
-plates are moving away from each other
-as the plates move apart, magma comes
to the surface to create new crust
-the magma cools and hardens and creates
a ridge of rock
-the ridges can rise above the ocean floor
-on land, divergent boundaries can create
valleys called rifts
Explanation:
-two plates are sliding past one another
creating an area called a fault
-the plates are moving in opposite
directions or in the same direction but at
different rates
-most transform fault boundaries are on
the ocean floor and earthquakes occur at
these boundaries
Example:
-Mariana Trench, the Himalayas, off
of Vancouver Island the Juan de Fuca
Plate is sinking below the North
American Plate
Example:
-Mid-Atlantic Ridge has risen above the
ocean floor
-There are rifts in Iceland that are clearly
visible
Example:
-one of the few examples on land is in
California where the Pacific Plates and
the North America Plates are sliding
past each other creating a visible fault
2.
a) Alfred Wagner first wrote "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" in 1915, b) a divergent plate boundary, c)
earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes, d) when convergence and subduction occur and magma drills through
with a high silica content to create volcanoes like Mt. St Helens or Krakatoa, e) slopes over-steepen, f) a
section of sea floor can pop up and displace to water, it then travels back to land at 500 km/h.
Earthquakes Answers:
1.
An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the release of energy stored in rocks. This
energy can be built up and stored for many years and then released in seconds or minutes. Earthquakes are
produced at plate boundaries where two plates are colliding, spreading apart, or sliding past each other
2.
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Earthquakes at Divergent
Boundaries
Plates move apart
Magma forced upward
toward crust
Pressure builds
Plates pushed apart causing
earthquake
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Earthquakes at Convergent
Boundaries
Plates move together, get
stuck
Pressure builds
Sudden movement may cause
an earthquake
Usually a subduction
Juan de Fuca Plate and North
American plate 200
earthquakes per year
Earthquakes at Transform Fault
Boundaries
 Sudden movement causes quake
 Plates sliding past each other
 Plates locked together until
tension built up
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BCLN Science 7 - Rev. Sept/2015
3.
Seismic waves are the release of energy from ruptured rock. These seismic waves are what produces the
destruction that can accompany an earthquake by heaving, shaking, and cracking the ground as they pass
through an area.
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8.
Underwater earthquakes and landsides cause tsunamis.
Tsunamis can reach heights of 40 meters and 800 km/h.
When the wave enters shallow water, the wavelength shortens, and the height increases.
The size or the underwater disturbance, the distance the wave travels, and the shape of the coastline it hits.
Volcanoes Answers:
1.
A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust that erupts in lava, smoke and ash. Volcanoes usually occur at the
plate boundaries.
2.
Divergent
Boundaries
Convergent
Boundaries
Hot Spots
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the magma moves to the surface where the plates are moving apart
ocean floor and the cooling magma forms a ridge
some ridges are high enough that eventually an island could be visible
magma is moving slowly
no steam or gases can escape so great pressure builds up
Pressure is released in a great explosion of lava and ash
Most volcanoes on land occur near convergent boundaries
Don't happen at boundaries
Magma risen from mantle
Higher temperature so lava is runny
Volcano doesn't erupt explosively, lava runs out
Hot spot fixed as plate moves over it
Becomes extinct and new ones form
Hawaii is a chain of hot spots
Volcanoes are located at both divergent and convergent boundaries. There is also a large area in central BC
called the Anahim Volcanic Belt that is a possible hot spot.
4.
Plate Boundary/Hot Spot
Divergent Boundary
Hot Spot
Convergent Boundary
Volcanoes Listed
Mt. Edziza, Hoodoo Mountain, Iskut, Crow Lagoon
Mulbanke Sound, Nazko Cone, Satah Mountain
Silverthrone Mountain, Bridge River, Mount Meager,
Mount Garibaldi