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Graphing Trends in the Periodic Table Problem Are certain properties of elements periodic functions of their atomic numbers? Materials (per student) 2 sheets of graph paper 2 colored pencils (different colors) straight edge Procedure 1. Use the periodic table on the following page. For elements 3-20, make a graph of atomic radius as a function of atomic number. Plot atomic number on the X axis and atomic radius on the Y axis. Make sure each scale is uniform and covers the range of numbers to be plotted. Label the graph. Include a title and labels for each axis. 2. For elements in Family IA, make a graph of atomic radius as a function of atomic number. On the same graph, use a different color to do the same for elements in Family HA. Label the graph. 3. For elements 3—20, make a graph of the energy required to remove the easiest electron as a function of atomic number. Plot atomic number on the X axis and energy required on the Y axis. Label the graph. • . -. 4. For elements in Family IA, make a graph of the energy required to remove the easiest electron as a function of atomic number. On the same graph, use a different color to do the same for elements in Family HA. Label the graph. Observations 1. What happens to the atomic radius as the atomic number increases across a period? Down a family? 2. What happens to the energy needed to remove an electron as the atomic number increases across a period? Down a family? Physical Science Conclusions 1. What properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers? 2. Why does atomic radius change as it does? 3. Why does energy required to remove an electron change as it does? IA MA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 1.23 0.89 0.80 0.77 0.70 0.66 0.64 0.67 124 215 191 260 335 314 402 497 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 1.57 1.36 1.25 1.17 1.10 1.04 0.99 0.98 119 176 138 188 242 239 299 363 19 K 20 Ca 2.03 1.74 100 141 37 Rb 38 Sr 2.16 1.91 96 131 55 Cs 56 Ba 2.35 90 , .' 1.98 120 < ( 0.DO 3 14 £*f* A 4y^«-mi^^ number /MUflllO cs-rnf-u-.! Oyl 1 IUMJI Atomif* A\IUI I IIO radius required to remove the easiest electron L-iiciyy