* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Old Kingdom
Thebes, Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Memphis, Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian medicine wikipedia , lookup
Plagues of Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Index of Egypt-related articles wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian race controversy wikipedia , lookup
Egyptian pyramid construction techniques wikipedia , lookup
Art of ancient Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Prehistoric Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Joseph's Granaries wikipedia , lookup
Middle Kingdom of Egypt wikipedia , lookup
The Old Kingdom Chapter 4 section 2 Old Kingdom • Menses also known as Narmer (king of upper • • Egypt) led his armies into lower Egypt and married one of the princesses, uniting Egypt into 1 kingdomMenses was called Lord of Upper and Lower Egypt, Wearer of 2 Crowns, and Lord of the 2 Lands His capital was Memphis which bordered both upper and lower Egypt Old Kingdom • Menses wore a red and white crown to symbolize both united kingdoms • Was the first pharaoh of Egypt • Pharaoh means “The Great House” Old Kingdom • 2600 B.C. Old Kingdom established • Kingdom lasted 500 years • During old kingdom- cities became centers of religion and government • Kings, priests, government officials, and artisans lived there Old Kingdom • Some Egyptians lived along the Nile River on large estates. • A household was made up of the owner’s family, servants, and artisans • Artisans were hired to make things for the family like boats and weave linen cloth • Most were farmers who lived in villages within the estates Old Kingdom • Used sun-baked, mud bricks as building materials • Farmers worked in fields and tended cattle • Made repairs to roads, built monuments, and dug ditches The Pharaohs • Pharaoh means Great House The Pharaohs • At first Egyptian rulers were called kings • Later they were called Pharaoh • The pharaoh was a ruler, a priest, and a god • He was at the center of Egyptian liferuling on earth as gods ruled in heaven The Pharaohs • The pharaoh owned all the land but he gave gifts of land to rich Egyptians and priests • He ordered dams, irrigation canals, and granaries (storage for grain for times of poor harvests or drought) be built The Pharaohs • He chose all government officials • He collected taxes from the people of Egypt • He was in charge of developing trade with other nations and his word was the law • Pharaohs were respected The Pharaohs • Egyptians believed that everything that happened in Egypt depended on Pharaoh's actions • He carried out certain rituals- breaking the irrigation levees to let in the water to the land, drove a sacred bull around the capital city to bring the water level up, cut the first ripe grain Pyramids Pyramids • Great tombs of the Pharaohs • Constructed from 2650 – 1637 B.C. • The sun set in west, so they were built on the west bank of the Nile • Called “Houses of Eternity” • Designed to protect the pharaoh's body from floods, animals, and robbers Pyramids • Egyptians believed the pharaoh should be happy in the afterlife. • Most were buried with their personal belongings of jewelry, food, clothing, weapons, and furniture • Walls inside the tombs were covered with picture writing that told the story of the pharaoh that was buried inside Pyramids Pyramids • Pyramids were built during the 3 months of year when Nile flooded • Made of granite and limestone blocks cut with copper tools • Stones were floated down the river and moved into place with ramps and human muscle power Pyramids • The Great Pyramid• Larger than an areas of 10 football fields • Made with 2 million stones weighing more than 2 ½ tons • Stones were placed so the laid closely together to appear to made of 1 single stone Old Kingdom • During Old KingdomPharaoh was very powerful Egypt grew in prosperity and power Able to keep invaders out of Egypt Expanded trade Royal family starts to lose power after 4th dynasty and nobles and officials rise in power- political instability