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___________________________________________________________________________ Bushuev V.V. General Director of the Institute of Energy Strategy, Head of the working group on the formation of the Energy Strategy of Russia till 2020 and till 2030, Full Member of the Engineering Academy and the Russian Academy of Physical Sciences, Winner of the award of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, Honorable Power Engineer of USSR Gromov A.I. Deputy General Director for Science of the Institute of Energy Strategy (IES), Director of the Competence Center «World Energy» (CC «World Energy») Nikolayev M.A. Analytical Expert at the Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Energy-environmental-economic («three E») concept of sustainable development ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT XXI century is the time of formation of a new energy civilization which is the means, the object and purpose of sustainable development of common planetary Mankind House – Ecos. Ecos is the triad of «nature - society – human», the core of which is the en-erg-y (erg – a work action), providing both the eco-nomy (the material production – system of management in the House) and the environment (system of harmonizing relations in the social and natural environment). The unity of the three «E» on the basis of a comprehensive energy-environmental-economic approach allows avoiding contraposition of material and humanitarian development factors. This approach opens the way for sustainable development of the House, the general principles of which were approved at the 42th session of the UN General Assembly in 1987 and at the UN World Summit in Johannesburg in 2002. Furthermore, precisely in the framework of this approach at the 62nd session of the UN General Assembly in September 25, 2007, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev suggested to develop a global energy and environment strategy and discuss it at the World Summit on Sustainable Development Rio +20, which took place in June 2012. A triadic unity of energy, environment and economy (the concept of «Three E») As part of energy-environmental-economic concept of sustainable development of complex socio-natural systems is an understanding of not only the energy nature of the internal relations that determines the development of such ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT systems, but also a special idea of their basic components (economy, energy and environment). We will examine it on the example of a global system of «nature-society-human» (Fig. 1). ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Economy - the system of management in our common planetary House - Ecos (from the Greek Οἶκος – House, whereabouts). Under conditions of limited natural resources, and the possible disorganization of external environment due to the extensive economic, technogenic and anthropogenic activities, the further economic development puts before the society a number of global eternal problems associated with the necessity of development of material production and the requirements of the environment and humanity. Inability to solve these problems, basing on the traditional approach, considering the modern world only as a consumer society, in particular, is the cause of the crisis in the global financial and economic system in the first decade of the XXI century: what, how, for whom and how much to produce? In this ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT case, the production should be understood not narrowly as a certain technological process, and also broader as the cause of the subjects and objects of choice. Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 1. The global system of «nature-society-human» Energy – life support system of society, covering both the material production and non-material needs of the society (Fig. 2). Firstly, energy - the life and human life and activity support system, which has been so from ancient times. The very notion of «civilization» (ci - the fire, vil - hold) reflects the possibility of using different types of energy by society. This side of the power engineering amplifies in process of economic development and wider coverage of energy ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT services, as well as technological development, defining the specific requirements for energy commodities. Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 2. Power Engineering in life of modern society Secondly, energy is an infrastructural backbone of the economy. In fact, the degree of development determines the degree of development of the economy as a whole, because the energy infrastructure can act as factor stimulating economic progress (the existence of a modern and convenient energy infrastructure is an important factor in attracting investments and business development), and as a factor of its deterrent (for example, in event of deficiency of power capacity to meet the needs of the national economy). Thirdly, energy is one of the largest branches in many countries of the world, creating a long process chains. Moreover, the energy itself is the largest business which ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT practically has no analogues in its scope and volume of financing in other sectors of the national economy. At last, fourthly, energy serves as the basis of geopolitics, sets the game rules for countries exporting and importing energy resources, thus, becoming a guarantee of the stability of global development. Power engineering – one of the most important spheres of intergovernmental cooperation at the regional and global levels within the general economic and industry organizations. In particular, the «Big Eight» (originally «Big Seven») was formed precisely to discuss urgent issues of struggle with the energy and the associated economic crisis of the 1970s. Environment should also be understood broadly – not like the environmental protection, but as a system of harmonization of relations in a global system that unites human, nature and society, also defining a certain rules of the game, not only limitations for the subjects of global development, but also their new opportunities of consent and cooperation within the framework of general laws of socio-natural development. At the junction these elements is exhibited the features of modern society, set new priorities and silhouetted the problems of global development. Thus, the interaction of economy and energy is manifested in the appearance of problems of energy sufficiency of the countries and regions of the world (profligacy – for some, and the deficit – for others). Limitations in this case determined by the availability of energy resources, which is one of the most important characteristics of modern lifestyle, generating Energy ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Poverty Issues and energy of luxury. For example, in a number of South-East Asia and Latin America countries, the development of energy infrastructure is not keeping pace with the growth of the economy, so the energy deficit has become an important constraining factor of economic growth, and even simple life support (Table 1). Table 1. Access to the electricity by world regions Region Population without access Electrification by to electricity, world regions, % million people rural urban 2005 2015 2030 30 17 94 98 99 North Africa Africa, South of 438 109 24 34 51 Sahara China and East 182 41 88 94 96 Asia South Asia 580 126 43 55 66 Latin America 38 7 89 95 96 Developing 1268 300 66 72 78 countries Source: [8]. On the contrary, in industrially developed countries are dominated ecological protection requirements of the environment from the harmful energy emissions, taking into account the huge role of energy (almost 25%) and the developed countries in the global structure of the greenhouse gases emission. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Thus, the global average annual CO2 emissions per capita in 2010 was 3.9 tons; in the U.S. - 20.5 tons, in Western Europe - 7.5 tons, 10.2 tons in Russia, in China – 2.4 tons, in India - 0.9 tons. Problems of energy security and energy efficiency also affect the interaction of economy, energy and the environment. So, in terms of ensuring the energy security we are talking, first and foremost, about the economic independence and stability of importing countries of energy sources. The task of reducing specific energy capacity of the economy, reducing the ecological load on the environment and, again, ensuring economic stability are principle in terms of energy efficiency. Ecology sets series of requirements for power engineering concerning not only ensuring the safety of the environment, but also a harmonious distribution of resources for the sustainable development of the world community. The problem of preventing climate change has become a key environmental challenge now. As mentioned above, the energy sector, together with the transport sector of the economy, plays a decisive role in the global emission of greenhouse gases. Thereby, the minimization of emissions of harmful substances and environmental damage is necessary. But even more important task is to transform technogenic activities into non-waste production. The solution of this problem, in the present, lies on the necessity to develop renewable energy sources (RES) and new technologies of complex utilization of resources and its recycling. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Ecology, as a system of harmonization of relations in the global system «nature-society-human», also imposes certain restrictions on the economy. The State shall strive to limit the negative environmental effects of production through the introduction of financial sanctions, increasing the burden on business. Ecology imposes objective restrictions on the exponential growth of the consumer economy which was formed during the last decade. Thus, the economy without environment – the road to dead end, but environment without the economy – the road to «nowhere». Summarizing the above, we note that at the junction of the components of the global system «nature-societyhuman» in the energy-environmental-economic approach there arise extensive opportunities for its further development. Energy and Environment, in its unity, create the foundation for reasonable accommodation of energy industries, taking into account the natural factors, ecological «landscape». In addition, close cooperation of specialists from two specified areas allows to define boundaries of rational environmental pressure on the energy. Moreover, the huge potential of energy development lies precisely on the energy production from the natural environment, in consideration of nature as a source of inexhaustible energy resources that removes the known limitations, as well as the conversion of energy into non-waste production. At the area of energy and economy intersection lies the opportunity of leveling the energy poverty and energy ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT luxury of various regions of the world, which will lead to an increase of regional energy security. Increase of production energy efficiency is the guarantee of a possible alternative model of sustainable economic development. Environment also specifies the certain prospects for economic development. So, the environment forms a fashion that, among the others, allows appearance of new sectors of the economy and revives old ones – for example, eco-friendly agriculture, light industry, building and other Thus, at the junction of the global system «naturesociety-human» components – the economy, energy and the environment – are formed not only constraints, but also new opportunities for its development. In other words, energy-environmental-economic concept of development of the global system «naturesociety-human» can be represented as a «system of systems», where energy forms a system of activity, and economy – the system of management, and environment – a system of harmony of the global system «nature-societyhuman» (Fig. 3). ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 3. Energy-Environmental-Economic concept of development of complex socio-natural systems Whereby «system of systems» is in constant dynamic equilibrium, which is provided by a continuous cyclic principle of its development from the condition of «order» (crisis) through the «chaos» (movement) to the new «structure» (crystallization of the newly formed structural links) – Fig. 4. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 4. Continuous cyclic principle of the development of complex socio-natural systems However, such a cyclic development does not proceed in a circle, it proceeds spirally, on each new turn of which occurs constant complication (improving) of the system structure, and hence the potential of the system. The latter corresponds to the principles of sustainable development in their modern interpretation, according to which, sustainable development is a process of continuous growth of the effectiveness of any system [10]. At sustainable development should be provided expanded reproduction of potential of such a system, including energy potential, whilst being not extensive, but mainly due to internal self-organization, i.e. growth of the institutional capacity of condition – the internal resources (energy of chemical bonds, organization, etc.) of the system. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sustainable development as a unity of economic, environmental and social priorities Sustainable development involves a long-term satisfaction of basic human needs of present and future generations while preserving the life support systems of our planet. However, such a definition of the term «sustainable development» does not represent the aims, the means and the potential of such a development, focusing only on the environmental constraints of economic aspects of the House. Meanwhile, and the economic development without environmental restrictions does not have a long-term perspective, and environmental restrictions can block the development of civilization. Withdrawal from the contradiction between the need to economic development and the need to comply with environmental constraints lies in the field of energy, which is not just a compromise, but a synthesis of these two components. The role of energy as a process of transformation of natural resources into energy action and into a new, more organized potential for useful work lies in the accumulation of structural energy of technical and social systems. Thus, sustainable development - it is a continuous process of improving the organized nature of the system due to an enlarged reproduction of the structural energy (synergy potential), increasing the capabilities of the system to perform useful work (Fig. 5). In this case, the accumulation of structural energy in the system serves as the criterion of sustainable development. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 5. Principled «energy» scheme of sustainable development of the global system «nature-societyhuman» Notes to Fig.5: Ergatic system – a system that does work (in this case - the economy) NW – national wealth Capital – monetary value of potential (resource) In other words, if the basis of thermodynamics is the conversion of energy into work, and the basis of sustainable development is the transformation of the potential energy through the kinetic energy into the structural energy [5], during which provided continuous growth of structural energy in the system at a predetermined time interval (Fig. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 6). This provides the «equilibrium progress» of the entire system development. Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 6. Sustainable development as an increase of system’s structural energy Notes to Fig. 6: ТD – Thermodynamics Ep – Potential energy (potential of the system) ED – Ergodynamics Ek – Kinetic energy (the work of the system) ∂E – energy change Es - Structural energy (the structure of the system) Capital – monetary value of potential (resource) ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT With regard to the global system «nature-society-human» sustainable development as «equilibrium progress» is being implemented under the condition negligibly low anthropogenic distortion of natural biosphere – in order to preserve its equilibrium. Such situation occurred only in the early stages of mankind when man was in balance with nature. At the present, the situation is exactly the opposite – human intervention in the natural biosphere becomes a global (Fig. 7). Therefore, under the influence of anthropogenic activities, the biosphere left the equilibrium state, corresponding to the pre-industrial period of human history. Source: The Ecological Footprint Atlas (2010) Fig. 7. Anthropogenic impact on the biosphere Nowadays, the only way of realization of sustainable development is the eco-development in anthropogenic equilibrium biosphere. The equilibrium state of the biosphere must be supported by human on the basis of eco-management, the main principle of which: how much human takes from the biosphere, so much (or more) he returns (although the form of withdrawal and return may be different). Thereby, the evolutionary biosphere function of human – maintaining the sustainability of natural systems – fully implemented. Eco-development implies, on the one hand, the progress through the growth of the quality of the human, and on the other hand, the optimization of his material needs, that it is necessary to maintain the anthropogenic equilibrium of the biosphere. Sustainable development of the system «human in the biosphere» provides for the progress of socium and anthropogenic equilibrium of the biosphere. Thus, the essential task of the economy becomes the progress through the harmonious development of human. The man, in his turn, becomes an organizing structure in the social and natural environment, the new potential of its development. The task and basis for a new energetism is the use of all kinds of potential resources (natural, industrial and labor) for the purposes of vital activity, useful work and the development. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT In summary, we note that the concept of sustainable development of energyenvironmental-economic system assumes a balanced material-social-spiritualenvironmental development on the basis of co-creation of human and nature (Fig. 8). Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 8. Sustainable development as a unity of economic, environmental and social priorities The harmony of human and the global «3E – system» assumes not the defense of nature against the anthropogenic impacts, and the overall development, which means the effective use of previously created energy potential during the evolution, its reproduction at a higher structural level, and self-improvement of the global system «nature-society-human». «The principle of energetism» in the development of complex socio-natural systems At the core of energy-environmental-economic concept of sustainable development lies a philosophy of energetism. Energetism as a philosophical doctrine of energy, as the substantial and dynamic primary basis of the world, was developed in the late XIX - early XX centuries. Many elements of this approach are reflected in the works of the largest Russian thinkers of the past century, such as the S.A. Podolinksy, V.I. Vernadsky and L.N. Gumilev, the German philosopher W. Ostwald. In the works of S.A. Podolynsky was firstly demonstrated that the historical and geographical, natural and socio-economic processes had a complex energy nature that allowed to link, the seemingly, fundamentally dissimilar phenomena, developing by its own laws, into a single system, whose dynamics was determined by the flow of energy and its current state («accumulation» or «discharge»). [9] ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Рис. 9. Energetism principle in the development of complex socio-natural systems Briefly, the use of the energetism principle allows us to describe the development of complex socio-natural systems as a continuous cyclic energy transformation of the available potential (resources, capital and other opportunities) through the energy (action, work, creativity) into the result (GDP, NB, quality of life, etc.), or into entelechy, which in its turn forms a new structure or level of organized nature of the system (Fig. 9). The last energy transformation provides a synergistic effect, exhaustion of which forces the system to move on within the already described cycle. Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 10. World System (Ecos) as a global socio-natural capacitor ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT With regard to the global system «nature-society-human» (world system or Eсos), we deal with the global social and natural capacitor, recharging by cosmic energy, the evolutionary phases of development of which are determined by the processes of energy storage and the crisis or revolutionary phenomenon – the «discharge» of such a capacitor (Fig. 10). The cornerstone of the energetism philosophy is very concept of energy, which includes not only the traditional and physical idea about energy, but also the energy of socium (according to Gumilev, «the energy of the crowd» or «passionarity»), energy of economic and political development, spiritual and intellectual energy of human and society, as well as the structural energy caused by the synergistic effect of systemic harmony of Ecos. We should especially stop on the concept of structural energy, because that is the kind of energy «regulates» the transition from the evolutionary development of the global system «nature-society-human» to its revolutionary transformation, which is often accompanied by severe crisis phenomena in all spheres of human activity. So, evolutionary development happens in conditions of the internal structure’s stability of any socio-natural process, accompanied by the accumulation of energy, inherent to this process. However, on serious structural violations, development energy which was accumulated by the evolutionary way begins to destabilize the system through revolution and crisis as long as the system does not acquire a new structural stability. Structural energy lies at the basis of development of world energy itself and is manifested in the so-called change of energy patterns, which is practically always accompanied by a series of energy crises (Figure 11). Source: Institute of Energy Strategy (IES) Fig. 11. The dynamics of world energy development in the XX-XXI centuries. The degree of criticality accumulated structural imbalances indicator in power engineering is the exhaustion of the opportunities of the main energy sources and the appearance of economic development restrictions from the energy ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT sector. This is manifested in production stagnation of traditional fuel and power resources, increasing their costs and prices, reducing the investment returns in the fuel and power complex. The crisis stimulates the creation and implementation of new energy sources, their shift is the inevitability and the essence of the crisis (usually the main energy sources of the previous stage is also retained, but inferior to the priority of the new, more efficient in terms of capability and capacity to meet requirements of sustainable development of the system). Structural energy is an indicator, characterizing both social and economic life of the society. This notion can be used to describe the evolutionary nature of almost any socio-natural process. We note that in any evolutionary systems – energy-environmental-economy concept does not involve «static» - on the background of the energy dissipation there happens its accumulation (in the structural form), what is the essence of progress. As a source of development acts opposite processes of scattering-accumulation of energy, which correspond to the ideas of dialectics about its driving forces. Internal source of development is associated with the differentiation of structural energy within the system between its various elements. If the structural energy is evenly distributed between them it would mean the absence of an internal source of this system’s development. Internal mechanisms of competition for structural energy dictates «horizontally» movement of the system (self-motion) that tends to bring the values of the structural energy to the level of its maximum value among all the elements. External mechanism – energy input into the system – determines «vertically» movement (self-development) – the growth of the maximum value of structural energy. The set of «horizontally» and «vertically» movement determines the progressive movement of evolving systems. Such an understanding of a role and position of energy in the organization of the world's processes allows to newly reinterpret the civilized development. Civilization must be understood as a collection of material (substantial and the financial and economic), as well as intangible (spiritual and human, information and intellectual, institutional and social) status and potential of the human community at a certain stage of its development. Here, the potential and the development process itself are total potential and kinetic energy of the society. In this context, the energy should be understood as the work done by the nature and the community and leading to increase the benefits of civilization, which are not only object of consumption, but also a means of production, a new resource for sustainable development. In this context, energy civilization is a set of tangible and intangible assets of humanity in the form of its energy saturation, which is considered as a characteristic of its being and the potential for sustainable development. So that, a prehistoric civilization used muscle power and the simplest energy forces of nature in its energy basis as water, air (Fig. 12). ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Source: www.spareworld.org Fig. 12. Energy consumption at different stages of development of a civilization (1 person per day) Energy conversion was carried out by the fire and primitive tools, which enabled to achieve specific energy consumption of 0.15 tons of equivalent fuel. In connection with necessity of development of new habitats and fundraising for a settled life, prehistoric energy civilization gave way to a culture of «axial age». Converting the energy, in its broadest sense, through agriculture, crafts, culture and religion the given energy civilization succeeded in achieving specific energy consumption of 0.6 tons of equivalent fuel by consuming mechanical, military, and construction energy as well as in metal working. Migration, war, campaign and urban settled life required new power means that predetermined the emergence of pre-industrial energy civilization. The last one used still relatively meager energy base, but at the expense of a more developed energy transformation – at the expense of water and wind wheels, printing and engineering – managed to achieve specific energy consumption of 1 tons of equivalent fuel, using energy of mechanical rotation, heat, chemical processes. Growth in energy demand and transition to a higher organization of society became the reason of transition to an energy civilization of the New Time. The fundamental difference of New Time energy civilization is the transition to a qualitatively new primary fuel and energy resources (hydrocarbons), which gave the opportunity fuller use of wealth of earth interior. The large-scale use of energy, transformed at the expense of thermotechnical and electrotechnical devices into the powered energy carriers – steam, motor fuel and electricity, allowed mankind to pass the stage of industrial development. The economic factor of management, which, as we noted above, is one of the types of energy vital activity, has led to the appearance of the virtual factor – the money supply, that should be considered as a means of energy equivalent exchange. ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Moreover, the studies of some economists show that the money supply is the energy of modern civilization development [2]. This is, particularly, confirmed by the fact that the formula of aggregate social product growth (as one of the analogues of GDP) is equivalent to the physical formula of kinetic energy: E = mc2. Only as a mass acts the money supply, and in the form of velocity square – the intensity of labor or production. At the level of higher generalizations, practically all economic and information processes in the world can be represented in the form of energy formula: E = mc2, where E is the value of physical energy as well as growth of aggregate social product and the flow of information (containing «hidden» energy), m - potential (physical resource, investment capital, structural factor), and the velocity square represents the intensity of the energy process, economic production and exchange of information. Accordingly, the same expression can represent the environmental flow of entropy (destruction) energy under the influence of the mass of hazardous waste, and the rate determines the intensity of environmental degradation. Thus, the energy formula can be justifiably regarded as the energy formula of civilization development, which once again clearly demonstrates propriety of applying the energetism principle within the description of the development of the triadic system «energy-environment-economy». In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that we are now living in a period of macrocivilizational transition [11], when the socio-natural system makes a leap to a completely new level of its development and structural organization through a wave of the crisis. From the position of energetism theory, it means «discharge» of global socio-natural capacitor when the structural energy of the system, having exhausted the synergistic effect of the development within the «old» structural shell begins to move for switching to new steady state, creating a new energy civilization. At the same, new energy civilization will not be based on the quantitative growth of the energy wealth, and it will be based on its qualitative development at the expense of new structural factors of receipt, transfer, stockpiling and use of energy. A practical application of the new paradigm of energy development will be the transition from the fuel power itself to the «electric world», i.e. to power engineering based on electricity as the most qualified and easy-to-use energy carrier. The key features of the «electric world» are: 1. continuous expansion of sources of energy (from biomass up to oceans’ energy and the direct production of energy from the environment); 2. the creation of intelligent control systems of new generation energy system; 3. decentralization of power generation and its integration into the technosphere; 4. convergence of producers and consumers of energy (energy consumer can not only consume but also produce energy and deliver it to the market); ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC «THREE E» CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 5. development of long-distance electricity transmission technologies and the technologies of energy storage in the energy system; 6. the spread of electric transport. This is not the end of the oil (coal, gas) era, it is the end of the fuel era, which lasted all of 200 years of existence of industrial economy and energy. At the same, the oil and gas business will not disappear, and it will become a resource support of the formation of an «electric world» in the early stages through the preferential development of production of unconventional hydrocarbons (shale oil and gas, gas hydrates, etc.) which have wider dissemination in the world than the traditional oil and gas. However, the development of a «conditionally fuel free» technologies of energy production will increase (RES, nuclear energy, etc.). Particular importance in the context of the civilizational development acquires transport and energy infrastructure that will not only provide the conditions for the development of civilization, but also organize this process, optimizing the whole system of socio-economic and ethno-cultural relations in the framework of a new energy civilization of the future. A distinctive feature of the new civilization is the transition from a consumer economy to the social and natural humanism, when a person acts not just as a growing quantitatively and qualitatively consumer of new goods and new resources, as well as the organizer of the harmonic sustainable development of global system «nature-society-human». References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Bosacheva Z.N. The formula of economic growth. М.: Economy, 2007. Bosacheva Z.N. Freedom is the cognized of necessity // Economic strategies. 2007. №8. 122-129 pages. Bushuev V.V. Apocalypse-2012 and the new energy civilization // Effective anticrisis management. 2011. №5(68). 42-51 pages. Bushuev V.V. Energy and evolution. М.: IAC «Energiya», 2009. Bushuev V.V., Golubev V.S. Fundamentals of ergodynamics. — М.: ООО « IAC « Energiya », 2002 Global Energy and Sustainable Development (White Book) / Ed. Bushuev V.V. and Mastepanov A.M. — М.: ISEDC, 2009. Gromov А.I. Energy basis of global system «nature-society-human»// The energy policy. 2012. №3. 17-23 pages. World Energy – 2050 (White Book) / Ed. Bushuev V.V., Kalamanov V.А.— М.: PH «Energiya», 2011. Podolinksy S.A. Human labor and its relation to the distribution of energy. SPb.: «Delo», 1880. Sustainable development of oil and gas companies: from theory to practice / Ed. Bushuev V.V. – М.: PC «Energiya», 2012 Energy origins and consequences of global crisis of the 2010s /Ed. V.V. Bushuev, Doctor of Engineering, Prof. and А.I. Gromov, PhD in Geography – М.: PH «Energiya», 2012.