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BIOLOGY 160 PRACTICE ASSESSMENT 2 ENERGY, PHOTOSYNTHESIS &
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. The reaction ATP ADP + phosphate + energy indicates that:
a. energy has been trapped
b. energy has been released
c. ATP has been formed
d. none of these
2. A drug is tested in the laboratory and found to create holes in both mitochondrial
membranes. Scientists suspect that drug will be harmful to human cells because it will
inhibit:
a. the Krebs cycle
b. chemiosmosis
c. the formation of alcohol
d. glycolysis
e. both a and b
3. Oxidation can be described as:
a. a loss of H
b. a gain of energy
c. gain of O2
d. (a) and (c) are correct
e. (a), (b), and (c) are correct
4. Which of the following is true concerning the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis
and cellular respiration?
a. Photosynthesis involves only oxidations; respiration involves only reductions.
b. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is oxidized for form sugar; in respiration, sugar is
reduced to form carbon dioxide.
c. Photosynthesis involves only reductions; respiration involves only oxidations.
d. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar; in respiration, sugar is
oxidized to form carbon dioxide.
e. both a and d are true
5. Fermentation is necessary for the recycling of:
a. ATP
b. NAD+
c. energy
d. lactic acid
6. Which of the following is NOT an end product in aerobic respiration?
a. H2O
b. CO2
c. ATP
d. lactic acid
7. The Citric Acid Cycle in eukaryotic cells takes place within the __________ of the
cell.
a. mitochondria
b. nucleus
c. cell membrane
d. cytoplasm
8. Which of the following is an exergonic reaction?
a. oxidation of glucose to CO2
b. breakdown of ATP into ADP+ Pi
c. both (a) and (b)
d. neither (a) nor (b)
9. For each glucose molecule, glycolysis produces:
a. 36 ATPs
b. citric acid & 36 ATPs
c. ethyl alcohol, CO2, & ATP
d. 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, & 2 NADH + 2 H+
10. The greatest amount of ATP is formed during:
a. Glycolysis
b. Fermentation
c. Citric Acid Cycle
d. Electron transport chain & oxidative phosphorylation
11. The bubbles in champagne, which is a fermentation product, are due to
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. ATP
d. glucose
12-14. Match the basic processes of photosynthesis listed below with questions 12 - 14.
a. light dependent reaction
b. light independent reaction
c. both light dependent and light independent reactions
12. reduction of CO2 to glucose _______
13. light-energized electrons _______
14. splitting of water _______
15. In the reaction NADH2 + FAD NAD+ + FADH2, which reactant is oxidized as the
reaction proceeds to the right?
a. NADH2
b. FAD
c. NAD+
d. FADH2
16. A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107oF. Doctors immediately order an
ice bath to lower the child's temperature. Which explanation offers the most logical
reason for this action?
a. Elevated body temperature will increase the energy of activation needed to start
various chemical reactions in the body. This will interfere with the ability of enzymes to
catalyze vital chemical reactions.
b. Elevated body temperatures may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the
cells’ abilities to catalyze various reactions.
c. Elevated body temperatures cause molecules to vibrate more quickly and prevent
enzymes from easily attaching to reactants. This will slow vital body reactions.
d. Elevated body temperatures easily break the covalent bonds linking biologically
important molecules. This will cause a general breakdown of cell structures.
e. Elevated body temperature will increase reaction rates in the child's cells and overload
the limited number of enzymes found in the cell.
17. During chemiosmosis:
a. energy is generated by coupling exergonic reactions with other exergonic reactions
b. energy is generated because H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes
c. a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively
transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane
space
d. ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a protein port provided by ATP
synthase
e. none of the above
18. Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria. This means that:
a. glycolysis cannot occur
b. the Krebs cycle cannot occurc. chemiosmosis cannot occur
d. all three cycles can occur because bacteria don't need mitochondria for these eventse.
neither the Krebs cycle nor chemiosmosis can occur
19. The electron transport chain is driven by two products of the Krebs cycle:
a. oxaloacetic acid and citric acid
b. NADH and FADH2
c. H2O and CO2
d. acetyl CoA and ATP
20. Photorespiration is:
a. the light-driven cleavage of glucose to yield three two-carbon compounds, which are
broken down toCO2 without producing ATP
b.the incorporation of O2 instead of CO2 by rubisco, yielding a two-carbon compound
that is broken down to CO2 and H2Oc. the increase in the rate of mitochondrial
respiration that takes place when a leaf is exposed to light and photosynthesis produces
glucosed. the opening and closing of stomata in response to changes in light intensitye.
ATP synthesis driven by light energy
21. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen:
a. a large amount of ATP is formed.
b. NADH molecules split.
c. lactic acid is produced.
d. cellular respiration ceases.
22. During a chemical reaction enzymes:
a. decrease the required time
b. raise the energy produced
c. lower the required activation energy
d. increase the initial-state energy
23. Which of the following occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast?
a. light dependent reaction
b. electron transport chain
c. calvin cycle
d. photolysis
24. The oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from what molecule?
a. glucose
b. water
c. P680
d. ATP
25. The photosynthetic process used by some plants to survive in a hot dry climate, like
the desert?
a. C4 Photosynthesis
b. C3 Photosynthesis
c. Noncyclic photophosphorylation
d. Carbon fixation
26. Which of the following is NOT a product of the light dependent reaction?
a. Oxygen
b. ATP
c. NADPH
d. Sugar
27. The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy occurs during:
a. glycolysis
b. photosynthesis
c. respiration
d. fermentation
e. chemosynthesis
28. The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis which
are used in the light-independent reactions are:
a. ATP and NADPH
b. complex carbohydrates and proteins
c. are stored in the vacuoles of the cell
d. oxygen and glucose
e. both A and B
29. Which of the following is the source of the carbon in sugar produced during
photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b. water
c. rubisco
d. ATP
30. Carbon fixation is catalyzed by what enzyme?
a. P700
b. NADPH
c. phosphoglycerate
d. rubisco
31. In the light dependent reactions, when light strikes the pigments (P700 or P680) what
is the immediate result?
a. excited electrons are passed to electron acceptors
b. electrons are fused to form ATP
c. glucose is produced
d. carbon fixation occurs
32. Which of the following gives the stages cellular respiration. in the correct order?
a. electron transport system, Krebs cycle, glycolysis
b. Glycolysis, electron transport system, Krebs cycle
c. Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport system
d. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system
33. Glycolysis uses energy from two molecules of ATP but forms ___ molecules of ATP.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. eight
34. Organisms may be classified as consumers or producers. Which of these is classified
as a producer?
a. An insect
b. A bird
c. A tree
d. A mouse
e. none of the above
35. Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts
and mitochondria in plant cells?
a. In the light, plants are photosynthetic autotrophs. In the dark, they are heterotrophs.
b. If plants cannot produce enough ATP in the process of photosynthesis to meet their
energy needs, they can produce it in aerobic respiration.
c. Sugars are produced in chloroplasts. These sugars can be stored in the plant for later
use, converted to other chemicals, or broken down in aerobic respiration to yield ATP for
the plant to use to meet its energy needs.
d. The leaves and sometimes the stems of plants contain chloroplasts, which produce
ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts
36. What happens to electrons as they are transported along the electron transport chain?
a. They lose energy.
b. They gain energy.
c. They are pumped into space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
d. They combine with O2 and protons to form water.
e. None of the above.
37. In alcoholic fermentation, ethyl alcohol is produced from:
a. NAD+
b. NADH
c. lactic acid
d. pyruvic acid
38. You have been growing some animal cells in culture. The cells grow well for several
weeks, and then their growth slows down. You conduct some tests and determine that
there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid. Which of the following is the most likely
explanation for the poor growth of the cells?
a. There is too much glucose in the culture fluid.
b. There is not enough glucose in the culture fluid.
c. There is too much oxygen in the culture fluid.
d. There is not enough oxygen in the culture fluid.
39.Glycolysis and aerobic respiration are different in that
a. glycolysis occurs on the cell membrane, while aerobic respiration occurs in
mitochondria.
b. glycolysis occurs only in photosynthesis, while aerobic respiration is part of cellular
respiration.
c. glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
d. There is no difference; these terms are different names for the same process.
40. The final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration is
which of the following?
a. hydrogen
b. water
c. ATP
d. oxygen
41. What is the Krebs cycle?
a. the second phase of anaerobic respiration
b. the first phase of aerobic respiration
c. the second phase of aerobic respiration
d. the third phase of anaerobic respiration
FILL INS:
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the best answer (1 point each)
1. The addition of an electron to an atom or molecule is called _____________________.
2. Folded thylakoids that resemble stacks of pancakes are called ___________________
3. Organisms that CANNOT make their own food are called _____________________.
4. A cluster of pigment molecules are called a(n) _____________________________.
5. A lower temperature should cause a reaction to _______________________________.
6. If you add more enzyme to a reaction, the reaction should _____________________.
If you keep adding enzyme and the reaction rate does not change you have reached the
_______________________________.
SHORT ANSWERS:
Directions: Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible.
Answer the question in essay form using complete sentences. You may use diagrams to
supplement your answers, but a diagram alone without appropriate discussion is
inadequate. (Points as indicated)
1. Explain the difference between the roles of photosystem I and photosystem II in
photosynthesis? (3 points)
2. Explain how is ATP synthesized in photosynthesis? What is this process called? (3
points)
3. What role does oxygen play in aerobic respiration? What molecule does oxygen
become a part of as a result of aerobic respiration? (3 points)
4. The fourth step of glycolysis yields four ATP molecules, but the net yield is only two
ATP molecules. Explain this discrepancy. (3 points)
BONUS (5 points)
Suppose an experiment is performed in which plant I is supplied with normal carbon
dioxide but with water that contains radioactive oxygen atoms. Plant II is supplied with
normal water but with carbon dioxide that contains radioactive oxygen atoms. Each plant
is allowed to perform photosynthesis and the oxygen gas and sugars produced are tested
for radioactivity. Which plant would you expect to produce radioactive sugars and which
plants would you expect to produce radioactive oxygen gas? Why?
1. Explain what happens to the components of water molecules that are split during the
light reactions of photosynthesis? (HINT: Name the three products that are produced
when water molecules are split during the light reactions and explain what each product
is used for.)
7. Explain how the function of the chloroplasts is related to its structure.
____The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol is called
a. lactic acid fermentation b. alcoholic fermentation c. gasohol conversion
d. glycolysis
____The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is called
a. lactic acid fermentation
c. aerobic respiration
b. alcoholic fermentation
d. anaerobic respiration
____ In aerobic respiration, glucose molecules are converted into acetyl CoA molecules when they enter
a. the electron transport chain
c. glycolysis
b. the Krebs cycle
d. the Calvin cycle
____Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation produce
a. a two-carbon molecule from a six-carbon molecule
b. CO2 from a three-carbon molecule
c. ATP from ADP and phosphate
d. NAD+ from NADH and H+
____In alcoholic fermentation, ethyl alcohol is produced from
a. NAD+
b. NADH
c. lactic acid
d. pyruvic acid
____A reactant in glycolysis is
a. ethyl alcohol
b. glucose
c. pyruvic acid
d. lactic acid
____The Krebs cycle
a. breaks down a two-carbon molecule into two molecules of CO2
b. produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2
c. produces NAD+ from NADH and H+
d. generates most of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration
____The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as
a. cellular respiration
c. alcoholic fermentation
b. lactic acid fermentation
d. photosynthesis
____ Yeast cells produce alcohol and carbon dioxide in the process of
a. lactic acid fermantation
c. alcoholic fermentation
b. cytosol respiration
d. aerobic respiration
____Glycolysis begin with glucose and produces
a. G3P
b. lactic acid
c. acetyl CoA
d. pyruvic acid
____The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is
a. acetyl CoA
b. pyruvic acid
c. oxaloacetic acid
d. citric acid
____The efficiency of glycolysis is approximately
a. 2 %
b. 20 %
c. 39 %
d. 390 %
____Processes that occur in the absence of oxygen are said to be
a. aerobic
b. acidic
c. mitochondria
d. anaerobic
____In the first step of aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid binds to a molecule called
a. acetyl-CoA
b. NADH
c. ATP
d. coenzyme A (CoA.
____ In cellular respiration, more energy is transfered in ____ than in any other step.
a. glycolysis
c. lactic acid fermentation
b. the Krebs cycle
d. the electron transport chain
____The breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen is called
a. glycolysis
b. fermentation
c. aerobic respiration
d. anaerobic respiration
____Which of the following is an electron acceptor?
a. cytosol
b. NAD+
c. citric acid
d. cell membrane
____The first pathway of cellular respiration is called
a. fermentation
b. aerobic respiration
c. glycolysis
____Which of the following is a unit of energy?
a. kilocalorie
b. cytosol
c. glycolysis
d. anaerobic respiration
d. NAD+
____The breakdown product of glucose that diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix for further breakdown is
a. acetyl CoA
b. pyruvic acid
c. oxaloacetic acid
d. citric acid
____ Glycolysis and oxidative respiration are different in that
a. glycolysis occurs on the cell membrane, while oxidative respiration occurs in mitochondria
b. glycolysis occurs only in photosynthesis, while oxidative respiration is part of cellular respiration
c. glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen, while oxidative respiration requires oxygen
d. both of these terms are different names for the same process
____ For each molecule of glucose entering glycolysis, there is a net gain of
a. six ATP molecules
c. three ATP molecules
b. four ATP molecules
d. two ATP molecules
____ _______ donate electrons to the electron transport chain
a. FADH2 and NADH
c. ATP and NADH
b. ATP and NAD+
d. NAD+ and ADP
____The energy efficiency of aerobic respiration (including glycolysis) is approximately
a. 2 %
b. 39 %
c. 66 %
d. 100 %
____Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen is called
a. fermentation
b. anaerobic respiration
c. glycolysis
d. aerobic respiration
____In the presence of oxygen _____ molecules of ATP can be formed.
a. 2
b. 19
c. 38
d. 63
____ During cellular respiration,
a. the complete breakdown of glucose yeilds only carbon dioxide and water
b. the complete breakdown of glucose yields ATP molecules
c. NADPH is produced
d. carbon dioxide is required
____ATP stores energy in
a. ADP
b. adenine
c. phosphate-phosphate bonds
____An end product of alcoholic fermentation is
a. glucose
b. oxygen
c. carbon dioxide
d. ribose
d. lactic acid
____Aerobic processes require _____ in order to take place.
a. sunlight
b. water
c. oxygen
d. carbon dioxide
____ In the Krebs cycle, production of ATP requires
a. acetyl-CoA
b. the gradual breakdown of a six-carbon compound
c. the tranfer of a phosphate group to ADP
d. All of the above.
____ATP molecules produced during aerobic cellular respiration
a. remain in the mitochondria in which they are formed
b. are stored in chloroplasts of the same cell in which they are formed
c. enter the cell's cytoplasm through membranes of the mitochondria in which they are formed
d. are distributed by the bloodstream to all cells in the body
____ Aerobic respiration takes place in two stages:
a. glycolysis and fermentation
c. Stage 1 and Stage 2 of photosynthesis
b. glycolysis, then oxidative respiration
d. oxidative respiration, then reproductive respiration
____Acetyl-coenzyme A
a. is formed from the breakdown of pyruvate
b. can be used in fat synthesis
c. enters the Krebs cycle
d. All of the above
____To maximize ATP production, glycolysis must be followed by
a. fermentation
b. the Krebs cycle
c. The Calvin cycle
____Water is an end product in
a. lactic acid formation
b. The Krebs cycle
d. photosynthesis
c. fermentation
d. the electron transport system
____ With oxygen present, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain
a. provide organisms an alternative to glycolysis
b. produce most of the ATP needed for life
c. break down glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
d. All of the above.
____When glycolysis occurs,
a. a molecule of glucose is split
b. two molecules of pyruvate are made
c. some ATP is formed
d. All of the above
____ Glycolysis yields
a. two six-carbon molecules
b. four NADH molecules
c. a large amount of ATP and NADH
d. two pyruvic acid molecules, two NADH molecules, and four ATP molecules
____ You have been growing some animal cells in culture. The cells grow well for several weeks, and then
don't seem to
grow as well. You conduct some tests and determine that there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid.
Which of the following
is the most likely the explanation for the poor conditions of the cells?
a. There is too much glucose in the culture fluid
c. There is not enough glucose in the culture
fluid
b. There is too much oxygen in the culture fluid
d. There is not enough oxygen in the culture
fluid
____ When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen,
a. lactic acid is produced
c. a large amount of ATP is formed
b. NADH molecules split
d. oxidative respiration occurs
____ When cells break down food molecules, energy
a. is released all at once.
b. is released entirely as body heat into the environment.
c. is temporarily stored in ATP molecules.
d. causes excitation of electrons in chlorophyll molecules.
____ ATP
a. contains five phosphate groups.
b. is essential for a cell to perform all the tasks necessary for life.
c. is found only in bacteria.
d. All of the above
____ A substance produced during photosynthesis that is used for completion of cellular respiration is
a. water.
b. NADPH.
c. ATP.
d. oxygen.
____ The process of cellular respiration
a. is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis.
b. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.
c. occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis.
d. occurs only in animals.
____ cellular respiration : organic compounds ::
a. light bulb : glass
c. automobile : gasoline
b. trunk : clothing
d. country : nation
____ When glycolysis occurs,
a. a molecule of glucose is split.
b. two molecules of pyruvic acid are made.
c. some ATP is produced.
d. All of the above
____ The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of
oxygen is
a. respiration.
b. fermentation.
c. oxidation.
d. All of the above
C6 H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P
6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A
____ The process shown in the equation above begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the
a. cytoplasm.
b. endoplasmic reticulum.
c. mitochondria.
d. lysosome.
____ The equation above summarizes the process known as
a. photosynthesis.
b. cellular respiration.
c. fermentation.
d. protein breakdown.
____ The molecule referred to as “molecule A” in the equation above is
a. NADPH.
b. NADH.
c. ATP.
d. ADP.
DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as
possible. Answer the question in essay form (not outline form), using complete sentences.
You may use diagrams or pictures to supplement your answers, but a diagram or picture
alone without appropriate discussion is inadequate. See me if you need Help, Have
Problems or Questions or To Check Your Answers.
1. How does aerobic respiration ultimately depend on photosynthesis?
2. Explain the role of oxaloacetic acid with respect to the cyclical nature of the Krebs
cycle.
3. Glycolysis produces only 2% of the energy that would be produced if an equal quantity
of
glucose were completely oxidized. What has happened to the remaining energy in the
glucose?
4. Why do most cells produce fewer than 38 ATP molecules for every glucose molecule
that is oxidized through aerobic respiration?
5. What happens to electrons that accumulate at the end of the electron transport chain?
6. What role does chemiosmosis play in aerobic respiration?
7. What condition must exist in a cell for the cell to engage in fermentation?
8. How is the synthesis of ATP in the electron transport chain of mitochondria similar to
the synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts?
10. Under what conditions would cells in your body undergo lactic-acid fermentation?
12. Where in the mitochondrion do protons accumulate, and what is the source of the
protons?
13. In order for pyruvic acid to be used for the production of ATP, oxygen must be
present.
What happens to pyruvic acid following glycolysis if oxygen is not available to a cell?
FILL IN THE BLANK (1 point each)
11. ______________________is the first step of all cellular respiration (aerobic and
anaerobic).
13. Oxygen is needed in __________________________ (this is why we need to breathe
in oxygen).
4. A culture of bacteria growing aerobically is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon
and is then examined. As the bacteria metabolize the glucose, radioactivity will appear
first in:
A. carbon dioxide
B. NADH
C. ATP
D. glucose 6-phosphate
E. pyruvic acid