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LIPIDS
LIPIDS
Lipids are biological macromolecules
made of carbon , hydrogen and
oxygen atoms.
LIPIDS
 Lipids are insoluble in polar
solvents (water)
 Lipids are soluble in the non-polar
solvents
(benzene and carbon tetrachloride)
LIPIDS
Structure
Lipids are made of 3 fatty acids and glycerol.
Glycerol is an alcohol containing 3 hydroxyl
groups (OH) .
LIPIDS
Structure
Lipids are made of 3 fatty acids and glycerol.
Glycerol is an alcohol containing 3 hydroxyl
groups (OH) .
LIPIDS
Importance
1.Store Energy
The body does not
begin to get the
energy from the
fats stored in it,
only in case of the
absence of
carbohydrates.
LIPIDS
Importance
1. Store Energy
The energy obtained
from lipids is more than
the energy obtained
from some amount of
carbohydrates
LIPIDS
Importance
1. Store Energy

Eating 1 gram of carbohydrate
provides your body with 4 Calories.
 Eating 1 gram of fat provides your
body with 9 Calories.
(more than twice)
LIPIDS
Importance
2. Build cells
Lipids represent about 5% of the
Organic materials structure.
cell membrane:(Phospholipids)
LIPIDS
Importance
3. Insulator
Lipids work as thermal insulator in animals
and humans.
LIPIDS
Importance
3. Insulator
Lipids work as thermal insulator in animals
and humans.
LIPIDS
Importance
Give reason for:
some animals can maintain
their temperature in
severely cold places.
LIPIDS
Importance
Give reason for:
some animals can maintain
their temperature in
severely cold places.
Because lipids are stored
under their skin as they
work as a thermal
insulator in animals and
humans.
LIPIDS
Importance
4. Protective cover
for the surfaces of several plants and animals
LIPIDS
Importance
5. Hormones
some of them can work as hormones as
steroids
 Classification:
Lipids
Simple
lipids
Complex
lipids
Derivative
lipids
 Classification:
Lipids
Simple
lipids
Complex
lipids
Derivative
lipids
 Classification:
Simple Lipids
reaction of fatty
acids with alcohols
oils
fats
waxes
 Classification:
Simple Lipids
reaction of fatty
acids with alcohols
oils
fats
waxes
Simple Lipids :
A- OILS : Liquid fats formed by
reaction of unsaturated fatty acid
with glycerol
Simple Lipids :
A- OILS :
Ex: Liquid fats covering the feathers of
water birds to prevent water penetration
into their bodies
 Classification:
Simple Lipids
reaction of fatty
acids with alcohols
oils
fats
waxes
B- FATS : solid substance formed
by the reaction of saturated fatty
acids with glycerol
 Classification:
Simple Lipids
reaction of fatty
acids with alcohols
oils
fats
waxes
C- WAXES : they are made by
the reaction of high molecular
weight fatty acids with
monohydric alcohols
C- WAXES :For example, the waxes
covering the desert plant leaves to
reduce water loss during the
transpiration
 Classification:
Lipids
Simple
lipids
Complex
lipids
Derivative
lipids
Complex lipids : Hydrogen,
carbon and oxygen are involved
in the structure of complex lipids,
in addition to phosphorus and
sulphur as in phospholipids
Complex lipids :
Phospholipids :
They are present in
cell membranes of
animals and plants.
Complex lipids :
Phospholipids :
They are similar to
fat molecules in the
structure except for
the phosphate
group PO4-- which
replaces the third
fatty acid.
 Classification:
Lipids
Simple
lipids
Complex
lipids
Derivative
lipids
Derivative Lipids :
They are lipids derived from both
simple and complex lipids by
hydrolysis .
such as cholesterol and some
hormones Steroids