Download Periodic Table of Elements – (155 points)

(1 point)Name_____________________________________________
(1 point)Period _______-________
Periodic Table of Elements – (155 points)
I. Elements (3 points)
A. Science has come along way since _____________________ theory of Air, Water, Fire, and Earth.
B. Scientists have identified 90 naturally occurring elements, and so far created about 28 others.
C.The _________________, alone or in combinations, make up our bodies, our world, our sun, and in
fact, the entire universe.
D.The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is __________________.
II. Periodic Table (3 points)
A. The periodic table organizes the ____________________ in a particular way. A great deal of
information about an element can be gathered from its position in the period table.
B. For example, you can predict with reasonably good accuracy the physical and chemical
properties of the element. You can also predict what other elements a particular element will
________________ with chemically.
C. Understanding the organization and plan of the periodic table will help you obtain basic
information about each of the _________ known elements.
III. Key to the Periodic Table (5 points)
A. Elements are organized on the table according to their atomic _____________, usually found
near the top of the square.
1. The atomic number refers to how many __________ an atom of that element has.
2. For instance, _________________ has 1 proton, so it’s atomic number is ____.
3. The atomic number is unique to that element. _____ two elements have the same
atomic number
IV. What’s in a square? (4 points)
- Different periodic tables can include various bits of information, but usually:
A. _____________ _____________
B. ___________
C. atomic ___________
D. number of valence electrons
E. state of matter at room temperature
V. Atomic Number (2 points)
A. This refers to how many _________________ an atom of that element has
B. No two elements, have the same number of _________________
VI. Atomic Mass (3 points)
A. Atomic Mass refers to the “_____________________” of the atom.
B. It is derived at by adding the number of ________________ with the number of ____________.
VII. Atomic Mass and Isotopes (3 points)
A. While most atoms have the same number of protons and neutrons, some don’t.
B. Some atoms have more or less ______________ than protons. These are called ____________.
C. An atomic mass number with a decimal is the total of the number of protons plus the
_____________________ number of neutrons.
VIII. Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) (2 points)
1. The unit of measurement for an atom is an ___________. It stands for atomic mass unit.
2. One AMU is equal to the mass of one ________________.
3. There are 6 X 1023 or 600,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 amus in one gram.
4. Remember that electrons are 1840 times smaller than one amu.
IX. Symbols (3 points)
1. All _____________________ have their own unique symbol.
2. It can consist of a single capital letter, or a capital letter and ____ or ____ lower case letters.
X.
Common Elements and Symbols
XI.
Valence Electrons (2 points)
1. The number of valence electrons an atom has may also appear in a square.
2. Valence electrons are the electrons in the ______________________ energy level of an atom.
3. These are the electrons that are transferred or shared when atoms _____________ together.
XII.
Properties of Metals (5 points)
1. Metals are good ____________________________ of heat and electricity.
2. Metals are ________________.
3. Metals are _______________ (can be stretched into thin wires).
4. Metals are ______________________ (can be pounded into thin sheets).
5. A chemical property of metal is its reaction with ______________, which results in corrosion.
XIII.
Properties of Non-Metals (5 points)
1. Non-metals are __________ conductors of heat and electricity.
2. Non-metals are ________ ductile or malleable.
3. Solid non-metals are _________________ and break easily.
4. They are ____________.
5. Many non-metals are _______________.
XIV.
Properties of Metalloids (6 points)
1. Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of ____________ metals and non-metals.
2. They are _______________ that can be shiny or dull.
3. They conduct ________ and ______________ better than non-metals but not as well as metals.
4. They are __________________ and __________________________.
XV.
Families (5 points)
1. _________________________ of elements are called groups or families.
2. Elements in each family have _____________________ but not identical properties.
3. For example, lithium (Li), __________________ (Na), potassium (K), and other members of
family IA are all soft, white, shiny metals.
4. All elements in a family have the same number of ________________ ____________________.
XVI.
Periods (5 points)
1. Each horizontal _________ of elements is called a period.
2. The elements in a period are __________ alike in properties.
3. In fact, the properties ________________ greatly across any given row.
4. The first element in a period is always an extremely active ______________. The last element in
a period, is always an inactive _____________.
XVII.
Hydrogen (5 points)
1. The hydrogen square sits atop Family AI, but it is not a member of that family.
___________________________ is in a class of its own.
2. It’s a __________ at room temperature.
3. It has _______ proton and ________ electron in its one and only energy level.
4. Hydrogen only needs _______ electrons to fill up its valence shell.
XVIII.
Alkali Metals (9 points)
1. The alkali family is found in the ______________ column of the periodic table.
2. Atoms of the alkali metals have a ______________ electron in their outermost level, in other
words, _______ valence electron.
3. They are _______________, have the consistency of _________, and are easily cut with a knife.
4. They are the most reactive ________________.
5.
6.
a.
b.
c.
They react violently with ________________.
Alkali metals are __________________ found as free elements in nature. They are always
______________________ with another element.
XIX.
What does it mean to be reactive? (7 points)
1. We will be describing elements according to their reactivity.
2. Elements that are reactive bond _____________ with other elements to make compounds.
3. Some ______________________ are only found in nature bonded with other elements.
What makes an element reactive?
An incomplete __________________ electron level.
All atoms (except hydrogen) want to have ______ electrons in their very outermost energy level (This is
called the rule of _______________.)
Atoms bond until this level is complete. Atoms with few valence electrons _________ them during
bonding. Atoms with 6, 7, or 8 valence electrons ________ electrons during bonding.
XX.
Alkaline Earth Metals (3 points)
1. They are _______________ found uncombined in nature.
2. They have ________ valence electrons.
3. Alkaline earth metals include magnesium and ________________, among others.
XXI.
Transition Metals (10 points)
1. Transition Elements include those elements in the B families.
2. These are the metals you are probably most familiar: copper, tin, zinc, __________, nickel,
_____________, and __________________.
3. They are good ____________________ of heat and electricity.
4. The compounds of transition metals are usually _____________________ colored and are often
used to color _______________.
5. Transition elements have _____ or _____ valence electrons, which they lose when they form
bonds with other atoms. Some transition elements can lose electrons in their next-to-outermost
level.
6. Transition elements have properties similar to one another and to other metals, but their
properties do not fit in with those of any other _______________.
7. Many transition metals combine chemically with oxygen to form compounds called _________.
XXII.
Boron Family (4 points)
1. The Boron Family is named after the ___________ element in the family.
2. Atoms in this family have ____ valence electrons.
3. This family includes a metalloid (boron), and the rest are ________________.
4. This family includes the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust (______________________).
XXIII.
Carbon Family (4 points)
1. Atoms of this family have _____ valence electrons.
2. This family includes a non-metal (_________________), metalloids, and metals.
3. The element carbon is called the “basis of ____________.” There is an entire branch of chemistry
devoted to carbon compounds called ____________________ chemistry.
XXIV.
Nitrogen Family (3 points)
1. The nitrogen family is named after the element that makes up ________ of our atmosphere.
2. This family includes non-metals, metalloids, and metals.
3. Atoms in the nitrogen family have ______ valence electrons. They tend to share electrons when
they bond.
4. Other elements in this family are _______________________, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.
XXV.
Oxygen Family (5 points)
1. Atoms of this family have ______ valence electrons.
2. Most elements in this family _____________ electrons when forming compounds.
3. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth’s _______. It is extremely _______________
and combines with almost all ________________________.
XXVI.
Halogen Family (10 points)
1. The elements in this family are fluorine, _____________, bromine, ___________, and astatine.
2.
a.
b.
c.
Halogens have _____ valence electrons, which explains why they are the most active __________________________. They are ______________ found free in nature.
3. Halogen atoms only need to gain ____ electron to fill their outermost energy level.
4. They react with _______________________ metals to form ___________.
5. i.e. – Sodium ___________ one electron and Chlorine _____________ one electron.
XXVII. Noble Gases (8 points)
1. Noble Gases are ____________________ gases that are extremely ____________________.
2. One important property of the noble gases is their ____________________. They are inactive
because their outermost energy level is _____________.
3. Because they do not readily combine with other elements to form compounds, the noble gases
are called ______________.
4. The family of noble gases includes ___________, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and _________.
5. All the noble gases are found in small amounts in the earth's ___________________________.
XXVIII. Rare Earth Elements (4 points)
1. The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the _________________________ and
________________________________ series.
2. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called
_________-_______________________-, which means _____________________ or man-made.
XXIX.
Mendeleev (6 points)
1. In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeléev created the __________ accepted version of the
________________________ ____________________.
2. He grouped elements according to their atomic ___________________, and as he did, he found
that the __________________________ had similar chemical properties.
3. Blank spaces were left open to add the ____________ elements he predicted would occur.
XXX.
Matter (4 points)
1. All matter is composed of atoms and groups of atoms bonded together, called
_______________________________.
Substances that are made from one type of atom only are called ______________ substances.
Substances that are made from more than one type of atom bonded together are called
________________________________.
Compounds that are combined physically, but not chemically, are called _________________________.
XXXI.
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures (15 points)
1. Sodium is an element.
2. Chlorine is an element.
3. When sodium and chlorine bond they make the compound ______________ ______________,
commonly known as ________________ ___________.
4. _________________________ have different properties than the elements that make them up.
5. Table salt has different properties than sodium, an ____________________________ metal, and
chlorine, a _________________________________ gas.
6. Hydrogen is an element.
7. Oxygen is an element.
8. When hydrogen and oxygen bond they make the compound _____________________.
9. When salt and water are combined, a ______________________ is created. Compounds in
mixtures ____________ their individual properties.
10. The ocean is a _______________________.
11. Mixtures _________ be separated by _____________________ means.
12. Compounds can only be separated by _______________________ means.
13. Elements are ____________ substances. When the __________________________ particles of
an element are separated from its atom, it no longer retains the __________________________
of that element.