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How hearing works Protecting your hearing Health effects of noise List of general sounds and their associated dB level Warning signs of potential hearing damage OSHA requirements Types of protection devices Audiometric testing Benefits of a hearing conservation program Information from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/HumanEar.jpg Outer Ear ◦ The outer ear is the most external portion of the ear. The outer ear includes the pinna, the ear canal, and the very most superficial layer of the eardrum Middle Ear ◦ An air-filled cavity behind the ear drum, includes three ear bones or ossicles: the malleus, incus, and stapes. The opening of the Eustachian tube is also in the ear. Inner Ear ◦ Includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semi-circular canals Sounds and the Cochlea • The intensity of sound waves impact the hair cells in the Cochlea • If the hair cells are damaged, it impacts our ability to hear • Compare this diagram to your audiogram Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear ◦ Pinna-Laceration from glass, knives, and bites, avulsion injuries, cancer, frostbite, and burns ◦ Ear Canal- Firecrackers or explosives, and mechanical trauma from placement of foreign bodies into the ear ◦ Firecrackers or explosives, and mechanical trauma from placement of foreign bodies into the ear ◦ Exposure to elevated sound levels (noise trauma), and exposure to drugs and other substances (ototoxicity) Conductive hearing loss Sensory hearing loss ◦ Excessive ear wax ◦ Damaged ear drum or other structures of the ear ◦ Generally reversible by medical or surgical means ◦ Hair cell and nerve damage ◦ Irreversible ◦ Most often caused by noise exposure Hearing loss effects the ability to communicate Social interaction is affected May impact the body’s reaction to stress ◦ Circulatory system ◦ Digestive and elimination system ◦ Immune system May impact sleep patterns Airboat 108 dBA Band Saw 104 dBA Blower 99 dBA Concrete Saw 112 dBA Chain Saw 110 dBA 32 Combine operator 95 dBA Compressed Air 92 dBA Edger 86 dBA Fire Alarms 95 dBA Front End Loader 95 dBA Hedge Trimmer 103 dBA Miter Saw 109 dBA Pneumatic Staking 103 dBA Pressure Washer 100 dBA Radial Arm Saw 103 dBA Riding Lawn Mower 90 dBA Sprayer, 1,000 gal. 101 dBA Table saw 93 dBA Tractor 92 dBA Vacuum 87 dBA Weed eater 96 dBA Wet/Dry Vac 94 dBA From University of Florida information found at http://www.ehs.ufl.edu/OCCMED/noiselvl.pdf People seem to mumble more frequently You experience ringing in your ears You often ask people to repeat themselves Your family complains that you play the radio or TV too loudly You no longer hear normal household sounds, such as the dripping of a faucet or the ringing of a doorbell You have difficulty understanding a conversation when in a large group or crowd You have trouble understanding all the words in a conversation You find telephone conversation increasingly difficult You have trouble hearing when your back is turned to the speaker You have been told you speak too loudly Information from the Internet site: http://www.beltone.com/welcome/warningsigns.aspx ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Annual training Area and personal noise monitoring Audiometric testing and Standard Threshold Shifts Hearing Protectors Employee and Supervisor Responsibilities Recordkeeping Area monitoring ◦ Conducted using a sound level meter and octave band analyzer ◦ Noise maps show areas that are above 85 dBA with a single hash mark and areas above 105 dBA with double hash marks Corresponds to single and double hearing protection Personal monitoring ◦ Conducted using a noise dosimeter ◦ Reports are provided to employees to show their daily peak noise exposure, time weighted average, and exposure when wearing hearing protectors Annual requirements – within 12 months per code Testing is conducted from 500 to 8000 hertz ◦ Conversation range is 2000 – 4000 hertz Comparison with an employee’s baseline test to watch for Standard Threshold Shifts ◦ If a shift is identified, another audiogram is conducted within 30 days to confirm the shift loud noise exposure can cause a temp. shift congestion or a cold medical conditions such as ear infections A decrease in hearing ability resulting in an average shift of 10dB or more in the 2000, 3000, and/or 4000 Hertz range Year 2000 3000 4000 Baseline 10 10 15 2008 10 20 35 Change 0 10 20 Average shift is 10 dB 0 + 10 + 20 = 30 30 / 3 = 10 Based on an 8 hour time weighted average Hearing Conservation Program with noise exposure levels over 90 dBA Hearing protectors required at 90 dBA Annual audiograms (within 12 months) Annual training Noise Levels OSHA Noise Level dBA Time (Hours) 90 8 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 ½ 115 ¼ Reduce the impact of sound waves to the eardrum Designed to reduce sound levels in the various ranges of the work environment – especially the 4,000 Hz range. ◦ Much of the industrial noise levels are high in the 4000 Hz levels so there is a significant hearing loss called the 4000 Hz “notch” ◦ On the audiogram it is often noticed that there is a notch at 4000 Hz Ear Muffs ◦ 23 to 30 dBA Noise Reduction Rating ◦ When used with other hearing protection an additional 5 dB reduction is provided Ear Plugs ◦ DISPOSABLE!!!! Change them often ◦ 28 to 33 dBA Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) Molded Ear Plugs ◦ Made to fit in your ear ◦ 25 dBA Noise Reduction Rating but no human error factor General Areas of Hearing Loss Information from: http://www.pacificaudiology.com/audiogram/uya.html Audiogram Notice the 4000 Hz notch Information from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000501/2749.html Moderate Hearing Loss 4000 Hz notch is still evident Information from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000501/2749.html Corresponding Sounds with the Audiogram Information from: http://www.hdhearing.com/learning/part2pdf.pdf Sounds and the Audiogram Information from: http://www.hdhearing.com/learning/part2pdf.pdf Sounds and the Cochlea • We learned the intensity of sound waves impact the hair cells in the Cochlea, which then impacts our hearing. • Compare this diagram to your audiogram. Quality of life ◦ Ability to participate in conversations ◦ Ability to hear nature sounds – birds, deer, water ◦ Ability to hear a child speak – “Grandpa, I love you.” Job performance ◦ Ability to detect sounds for maintenance of machinery ◦ Safety and security ◦ Reduce stress and fatigue Wear hearing protection – it is worth the time. OSHA Hearing Conservation Standard www.osha.gov http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com mons/7/7c/HumanEar.jpg (Wikipidia) http://www.hdhearing.com/learning/part2p df.pdf (HD Hearing) Workers Comp. for British Columbia