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c700-371BC Greek society – but a separate city state All city states had their own ‘personality’ Sparta – first ‘Communist’ society Athens more democratic and philosophical From Greece – writing c 50-100AD Sparta had turned a lot of its old institutions into tourist attractions. His histories concentrated on characters and the influence they have on history. He wrote a lot about the impact of Lycurgus “Whosoever of the citizens would not submit to the discipline to which the boys were subjected had no participation in civic rights” Exiled from Athens in the 4th century BC He stayed in Sparta for a while and was one of the last to see the dying traditions still working eg agoge He spoke highly of Sparta because he had been there and understood their ways “there is no state in the world in which greater obedience is shown to the law than Sparta” An Athenian historian who wrote around the 4th century BC He’s critical of Spartan institutions and talks about the unfairness of the kleros system and the breakdown of Spartan society “The Lacedaemonian constitution is defective” Wrote around the 4th century BC He was Athenian but was exiled He was pro-Spartan but critical of their ‘impact’ on the world. He didn’t write of Spartan society, mainly on their institutions. “If the city of the Lacedaemonians were deserted, and the shrines and foundations of buildings preserved, I think that after the passage of considerable time there would eventually be widespread doubt that their power measured up to their reputation.” Wrote around the 5th century BC Was pro-Greek Looked down on the Spartan way of life and said it was so foreign to Greeks that they would never understand it. Didn’t understand their religious convictions eg: Battle of Marathon (Leonidus and the 300) Wrote in the 4th century BC Athenian He praises the order of the Spartan system “All in all, the terms that best describe Sparta are austerity, frugality, discipline.”