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French 322
Study Guide – Final Exam – 2016
Your final exam will take place on Friday, June 17. The starting time is
12:45 p.m., and the ending time is 2:15 p.m., meaning that you have 1 ½ hours to
complete the exam. The exam location will most likely be Gyms A/B. If this
changes, I will let you know.
The exam is worth 190 points, including the speaking and listening portions
that will be done ahead of time. Here is how the exam breaks down into its
component parts:
Listening – 25 points. This will be done on Monday, June 6 in class.
Speaking – 30 points. This will be done on Tuesday, June 7 and
Wednesday, June 8 in class.
The remaining 135 points, which divide up as follows, will be covered on
the June 17 exam:
Reading – 15 points
Vocabulary – 30 points
Grammar – 25 points
Culture – 10 points
Verbs – 25 points
Short answers – 10 points
Composition – 20 points
The reading, vocabulary, grammar and culture sections are multiple choice.
The verb section is fill-ins. You will need to conjugate a series of verbs.
For the short answers and composition, lined paper will be provided.
You are responsible for Units 1 through 6 in our electronic textbook, C’est à
toi! 2. I am setting forth below, unit by unit, the specific topics that you are
responsible for.
[Go to next page for start of review.]
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Unit 1, pages 2-103
This unit is a review of material from C’est a toi! 1.
REGULAR –ER, -IR AND –RE VERBS, page 5.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, page 8.
You should note that the masculine possessive adjectives mon, ton and son
are used in front of feminine nouns that start with a vowel or a mute h.
Mon épaule
Ton interro
Son oreille
TELLING TIME, page 10.
When written numerically, the indicated time has an h between the hour and
the minute.
Il est 5h18.
When written in words, heures is included (heure after une).
Il est cinq heures dix-huit.
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For a quarter past, half past and a quarter to, there are special terms that
you can use.
Il est 3h15.
Il est trois heures et quart.
Il est 6h30.
Il est six heures et demie.
Il est 12h45.
Il est une heure moins le quart.
Noon is midi.
Midnight is minuit.
DATES, page 12.
The format is: C’est le [number] [month].
C’est le 5 septembre.
C’est le 14 juillet.
For the first of the month, you use premier or 1er.
C’est le premier janvier.
Note that the month is not capitalized.
VERBS:
Aller, page 20.
Être, page 20.
Avoir, page 38.
Faire, page 38.
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DE and À + DEFINITE ARTICLES, page 22.
The masculine and plural forms are contractions:
Du poulet
Des fraises
Au magasin
Aux États-Unis
AGREEMENT AND POSITION OF ADJECTIVES, pages 24.
An adjective has to agree with the noun it describes. If the noun is feminine,
most adjectives will add e, unless the adjective ends in a silent e, in which event
nothing is added. There are many exceptions, and these have to be memorized.
Most adjectives go after the noun they describe.
A small group of adjectives go in front of the noun. These are covered by
Beauty Age Goodness Size (BAGS).
EXAMPLES:
Un garçon intelligent.
Une fille intelligente.
Un musée moderne.
Une bibliothèque moderne.
Un petit chat.
Une petite chatte.
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The BAGS adjectives beau, nouveau and vieux have irregular feminine
forms (and a special form in front of a masculine singular noun starting with a
vowel or mute h).
Un vieux chien.
Une vieille femme.
Un vieil homme.
Most adjectives form their plural by adding s to the singular form.
Ils sont intelligents.
Elles sont intelligentes.
ALLER + INFINITIVE, page 26.
This construction is used to describe an action that will take place in the
near future.
EXAMPLES:
Je vais passer mes vacances en Italie.
Est-ce que vous allez inviter vos cousins à la fête?
FORMING QUESTIONS, page 40.
There are four ways to ask a question :
Tu as dix-huit ans?
Est-ce que tu as dix-huit ans?
Tu as dix-huit ans, n’est-ce pas?
As-tu dix-huit ans?
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NEGATION, page 42.
This is done with ne (n’) … pas.
Elle ne vend pas sa voiture.
Il n’est pas content.
INDEFINITE ARTICLES IN NEGATIVE SENTENCES, page 44.
When pas comes before un, une or des, the article changes to de (d’).
Nous n’avons pas de chien.
Je ne mange pas de fraises.
Tu n’achètes pas d’œufs?
This rule does not apply with the verb être.
Il n’est pas un homme sympa.
Unit 2, pages 56-103
VOCABULARY:
Des professions et des métiers, page 56.
Des adjectifs, page 57.
Des animaux, page 86.
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VERBS:
Venir, page 62.
Mettre, page 73.
Prendre, page 74.
Voir, page 74.
VENIR DE + INFINTIVE, page 62.
This is used to say that someone has just done something.
Je viens d’arriver à New York City.
Nous venons de laver la voiture.
PASSÉ COMPOSÉ WITH AVOIR, page 64.
The passé composé is used to describe actions that took place in the past.
The passé composé is composed of two parts: avoir or être (in the present
tense), and the past participle.
Avoir and être, when used in the passé composé, are known as auxiliary (or
helping ) verbs.
Most verbs form their passé composé with avoir.
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The past participle for regular verbs is formed as follows:
For –er verbs, drop the –r from the infinitive and put an accent aigu over the
e. The past participle of parler is parlé.
For –ir verbs, drop the –r. The past participle of finir is fini.
For –re verbs, drop the –re and add –u. The past participle of vendre is
vendu.
EXAMPLES:
J’ai parlé avec mon prof.
Christine a fini son petit déjeuner.
Nous avons vendu notre maison.
To put the passé composé in the negative, you place ne … pas as follows:
Vous n’avez pas fini vos devoirs.
Ils n’ont pas vendu leur voiture.
IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES, page 76.
This is a list of commonly used irregular verbs and their corresponding past
participles.
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DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES, page 78.
These are used to identify specific people or things.
Ce tableau [masculine singulier]
Cette chemise
[feminine singular]
Cet arbre
[masculine singular starting with a vowel or a mute h]
Ces livres
[plural]
COMPARATIVE OF ADJECTIVES, page 79.
To compare people or things, the construction is :
plus (more)/moins (less)/aussi (as) + adjective + que
Pierre est plus calme que Marie.
Marie est moins diligente que Martine.
Nous sommes aussi contents que vous.
THE IMPERATIVE (COMMANDS), page 91.
This form of verb is used to tell someone to do something, or to suggest
doing something. The imperative has tu, vous and nous forms. You use the
present tense form of the verb, but you omit the subject. The tu form of regular –er
verbs drops the final s.
EXAMPLES:
Parle plus fort!
Finissez votre dîner, les enfants!
Attendons Marc devant la piscine!
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SUPERLATIVE OF ADJECTIVES, page 93.
To say that someone or something is the most, you use this construction:
le/la/les
+
plus
+
adjective
EXAMPLES:
Ta sœur est la fille la plus gentille de ta famille.
Mes chiens sont les plus grands animaux de ce quartier.
Unit 3, pages 106-153
VOCABULARY:
On fait une excursion, pages 106-107.
La ferme, page 120.
VERBS:
Partir, page 113.
Sortir, page 113.
Dormir, page 124.
Lire, page 124.
Vouloir, page 140.
Pouvoir, page 140.
Devoir, page 140.
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PASSÉ COMPOSE WITH ÊTRE, page 115.
As previously mentioned, most verbs form their passé composé with avoir,
but certain verbs use être. The group of être verbs listed here are verbs involving a
person’s moving from one place to another, such a coming, going, arriving,
entering and departing.
In terms of construction, the passé composé with être is the same as that for
avoir verbs, except that être becomes the auxiliary (helping) verb.
BUT THERE IS ONE BIG DIFFERENCE. If the subject of the sentence is
feminine or plural, extra letters have to be added to the past participle. For
feminine singular, you add e. For masculine/mixed plural, you add s. For
feminine plural, you add es.
EXAMPLES:
Patrick est allé à la plage.
Madeleine est venue à notre maison.
M. et Mme Smith ne sont pas arrivés hier.
Mes sœurs ne sont pas montées la Tour Eiffel par ascenseur.
PREPOSITIONS BEFORE CITIES, COUNTRIES AND CONTINENTS,
page 117.
The preposition à is used before cities.
Tu vas à Paris?
The preposition en is used before feminine countries.
J’habite en France.
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The preposition au is used before masculine countries.
Nous voyageons au Mexique.
The preposition aux is used before plural countries.
Nous allons aux États-Unis.
The preposition en is used before continents.
Elle arrive en Afrique demain.
ORDINAL NUMBERS, page 127.
To form an ordinal number, add the suffix –ième to the regular (cardinal)
number.
deuxième
troisième
sixième
The ordinal number for un is premier (première).
Cinq adds u: cinquième
Neuf changes f to v: neuvième
For numbers ending in e, drop the e : douzième
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IRREGULAR PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES, page
128.
Here are some commonly used nouns and adjectives with irregular plural
forms.
THE PARTITIVE ARTICLE, page 143.
A partitive article is used to describe a part, quantity, or amount of
something. The forms are du (masculine singular), de la (feminine singular), de l’
(masculine or feminine singular in front of words that start with a vowel or mute
h), and des (plural). The partitive is often used with food and beverages.
EXAMPLES:
J’achète du poivre.
Nous prenons de la salade.
Elle boit de l’eau.
Ils mangent des crudités.
After the negation word pas, all forms of the partitive become de or d’.
Je n’achète pas de poivre.
Elle ne boit pas d’eau.
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Unit 4, pages 156-193
VOCABULARY:
Les affaires de toilette, page 156.
Les corvées, pages 164-165.
Les affaires de toilette, page 179.
VERBS:
S’asseoir, page 170.
REFLEXIVE VERBS, pages 160-161, and 183-184.
As you know, these are verbs that describe actions done upon oneself, such
as getting up, getting dressed, and going to bed.
Reflexive verbs have a se (or s’) in front of their infinitive form.
When we conjugate a reflexive verb, we must include the appropriate
reflexive pronoun: je takes me (m’); tu takes te (t’); il/elle/on take se (s’); nous
takes nous; vous takes vous; ils/elles take se (s’).
The reflexive pronoun goes in front of the verb, except for affirmative
commands.
In the passé composé, reflexive verbs are conjugated with être (not avoir),
and the past participle changes spelling if the subject is feminine or plural. Add e
for feminine singular, s for masculine or mixed plural, and es for feminine plural.
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When we put reflexive verbs in the negative, the ne always goes in front of
the reflexive pronoun.
For commands, there is one word order for affirmative commands, and a
different one for negative commands. In affirmative commands, te becomes toi.
EXAMPLES:
Infinitive: se lever, s’habiller
Present tense: Affirmative : Je me lève.
Negative: Nous ne nous habillons pas.
Passé Composé: Affirmative: Elle s’est levée.
Negative: Luc et Diane ne se sont pas habillés.
Command: Affirmative : Lève-toi!
Negative : Ne t’habille pas!
Unit 5, pages 196-235
VOCABULARY:
Sports et loisirs, page 196.
Films/TV, pages 208-209.
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VERBS:
Offrir, page 201.
Courir, page 203.
DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS, pages 204-205, 213-214, 227-228.
When the subject of a sentence is acting directly upon someone/something
else, we use certain pronouns to represent who/what the someone/something is.
The pronouns are me (m’)/te (t’)/nous/vous, and le/la/l’/les.
The direct object pronoun goes in front of the verb, except for affirmative
commands.
In the passé composé, verbs that take direct object pronouns are conjugated
with avoir, but the past participle changes spelling if the direct object pronoun is
feminine or plural. Add e for feminine singular, s for masculine or mixed plural,
and es for feminine plural.
In negative sentences, using ne … pas, the ne always goes in front of the
direct object pronoun.
For commands, there is one word order for affirmative commands, and a
different one for negative commands. In affirmative commands, me becomes moi.
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EXAMPLES:
Present tense: Affirmative: Elle vous regarde.
Negative: Je ne la connais pas. [La = Louise.]
Passé Composé: Affirmative: Ils m’ont écouté.
Negative: Tu ne l’as pas achetée? [L’ = la voiture.]
Command: Affirmative : Invite-moi!
Negative: Ne m’aidez pas!
Unit 6, pages 238-277
VOCABULARY:
À la poste, page 238.
Des accessoires, page 250.
À la banque, page 264.
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VERBS:
Dire, page 242.
Ouvrir, page 245.
Écrire, page 255.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS QUI AND QUE, pages 246-245.
These pronouns join together two shorter sentences.
QUI = who, which, that.
QUE = whom, which, that.
Both of these pronouns can refer to a person or thing.
In the passé composé, if QUE refers back to someone/something that is
feminine or plural, the past participle will add letters: feminine singular, e;
masculine/mixed plural, s; feminine plural, es.
EXAMPLES:
Voici le garçon qui parle dix langues.
Elle a un collier qui coûte 5,000 euros.
Nous mangeons les croissants que nous avons achetés.
J’aime les étudiantes françaises que tu as invitées à la fête.
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INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS, pages 257, 268.
When the subject of a sentence is acting indirectly upon someone/something
else, we use certain pronouns to represent who/what the someone/something is.
Verbs that take indirect objects are always followed by a preposition,
typically à. When one of the above pronouns is substituted for an indirect object,
the à is dropped.
The pronouns are me (m’)/te (t’)/nous/vous, and lui/leur.
The direct object pronoun goes in front of the verb, except for affirmative
commands.
In the passé composé, verbs that take indirect object pronouns are
conjugated with avoir, and the past participle does not change spelling even if the
indirect object pronoun is feminine or plural.
In negative sentences, using ne … pas, the ne always goes in front of the
indirect object pronoun.
For commands, there is one word order for affirmative commands, and a
different one for negative commands. In affirmative commands, me becomes moi.
EXAMPLES:
Present tense: Affirmative: Elle vous parle.
Negative: Je ne lui écris pas. [Lui = à Tony ou Céline.]
Passé Composé: Affirmative: Ils nous ont offert un cadeau.
Negative: Tu ne leur as pas donné ton adresse?
[Leur = à M. et Mme Smith.]
Command: Affirmative: Montrez-moi vos photos!
Negative: Ne lui parle pas! [Lui = à Daniel ou Isabelle.]
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