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Human Body Systems Muscular System Body Organization Include a short definition of: • Cell, tissue, organ, organ system • Indicate the order of organization beginning with the smallest level cell tissue organ organ system Muscle System • List 5 functions of the muscular system • List and describe 2 categories of muscle tissue • List and describe 3 types of muscle tissue and indicate where they are found. • Explain why skeletal muscle is sometimes called striated muscle. • Explain why skeletal muscles must work in pairs. • Explain how muscle attaches to bone • Explain how to maintain the strength and flexibility of your muscles. Muscle Function • Muscles are mainly used to provide movement either by moving individual body parts or the body as a whole • Muscles give stability to joints so that they can hold up when bearing a load. They also help maintain posture. • Smooth muscles push food through the bowels and regulate the bladder. Cardiac muscle causes the heart to beat. Muscle Function • Assist in the circulation of blood in the body; help to push up the back of the legs. • Working muscles generate heat. • ***In extreme cases - when the body is deprived of fat or food, the muscle degenerates into ATP then into glucose (energy) 2 Categories of Muscles • Voluntary, (vol-un-tary) muscles are the ones that you can control. Most of them move your bones around. (under your control) • involuntary muscle contraction is used to move the body, and can be finely controlled by the nervous system – Includes smooth muscle tissue and heart muscle 3 Muscle Types • Skeletal muscle - voluntary – striated – the muscle attached to the skeleton. The contraction of skeletal muscle is under voluntary control. • Smooth muscle – involuntary – non striated – Found within the blood vessels and lining other organs – Causes your organs to do their job • Cardiac muscle – involuntary – striated – adapted to be highly resistant to fatigue – found only in the heart – Causes regular beat of the heart Striated?? • Both skeletal and cardiac muscle types are striated or appear to be banded. • Skeletal muscle is often referred to as striated muscle tissue • The appearance of bands or striations in the muscle tissue is created by the structure of the muscle tissue. Muscle Work in Pairs • Muscles which move bones act together in pairs. This means that as one muscle contracts, its partner relaxes. Then as the partner muscle contracts the first muscle relaxes again. • The messages sent by the brain are 'contract' or 'relax'. The brain sends the messages to one muscle partner and to the other at the same time. Click on picture to see how this works Tendons • A tendon is made of connective tissue and connects muscle to bone A VERY Famous Tendon Don’t want this to happen! Keep Your Muscles Healthy • Regular exercise is important for maintaining both muscular strength and flexibility. • Exercise makes individual muscle cells grow in size. The thicker the muscle, the stronger the muscle • A nutritious diet, including plenty of water is important for the healthy function of the muscular system and all other body systems