Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 2 - SUMMER 2010 1. ? consist of hot, salty water forming a powerful solvent; these are frequently the source of significant ore deposits. A.pegmatites B.hydrothermal solutions C.diorites D.peridotites E.migmatites 2. The most important way in which igneous magma composition can be changed is by A.convective overturn B.volatile streaming C.crystal fractionation D.decompression E.magma expansion 3. Bituminous and anthracite are types of A.oil shale B.tar sand C.clathrates D.petroleum E.coal 4. Directed pressure is especially important in the formation of ? metamorphic rocks. A.foliated B.nonfoliated 5. ? are made of ?. A.rocks, minerals B.minerals, rocks 6. ? are clouds of volcanic ash and gas that rush down slopes of volcanoes. A.cinder cones B.volcanic necks C.calderas D.ignimbrites E.batholiths 7. The Cascade Range consists primarily of A.cinder cones B.volcanic necks C.composite volcanoes D.shield volcanoes E.ash flows 8. Tephra is found in A.pillow lava B.aa lava C.pahoehoe lava D.volcanic necks E.pyroclastic rocks 9. Schist and gneiss are types of ? rocks. A.igneous B.sedimentary C.metamorphic 10. ? texture consist of large crystals; granite and gabbro have this texture. A.aphanitic B.porphyritic C.pyroclastic D.phaneritic E.amygdaloidal 11. ? is a fine-grained rock that contains kerogen. A.migmatite B.oil shale C.tar sand D.clathrate E.coal 12. Another name for a "stratovolcano" is a A.cinder cone B.volcanic neck C.composite volcano D.shield volcano E.caldera 13. ? lava has a smooth, ropy appearance. A.pahoehoe B.pillow C.aa D.all of these types of lava have a smooth, ropy appearance 14. Basalt magmas have ? viscosity and ? explosiveness versus rhyolite-rich magmas. A.lower, less B.higher, greater C.lower, greater D.greater, less 15. Plutons are ? igneous structures. A.extrusive B.intrusive 16. The Hawaiian Island volcanoes would most likely be classified as A.cinder cones B.volcanic necks C.composite volcanoes D.shield volcanoes E.ash flows 17. The process which turns sediment to rock is termed A.weathering B.erosion C.metamorphosis D.metasomatism E.lithification 18. The OPEC countries have about ? percent of the World's petroleum reserves. A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40 E.60 19. ? economic deposits are formed by accumulation of sediment due to mechanical concentration of heavy mineral particles by currents. A.clastic B.detrital C.placer D.evaporite E.biogenic 20. ? refers to the size, shape and arrangement of igneous particles. A.structure B.texture 21. ? metamorphism is typically associated with orogenies. A.contact B.regional C.impact 22. Halite and gypsum are ? sedimentary rocks. A.chemical B.biochemical C.clastic 23. ? was formed from buried remains of plants. A.tar sand B.oil shale C.coal D.natural gas E.crude oil 24. Hydrothermal mineral deposits are associated with ? activity. A.igneous B.sedimentary C.metamorphic 25. ? metamorphism results from heating by an igneous intrusion. A.contact B.regional C.both contact and regional metamorphism results from heating by an igneous intrusion 26. Obsidian has a ? texture. A.aphanitic B.porphyritic C.pyroclastic D.phaneritic E.glassy 27. ? rocks crystallize from a magma. A.igneous B.sedimentary C.metamorphic 28. ? are hollow, subspherical structures that form around water-filled pocket by crystals growing inward. A.nodules B.ripple marks C.geodes D.concretions E.schists 29. Stratification is most characteristic of ? rocks. A.igneous B.sedimentary C.metamorphic 30. Siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates are ? rocks. A.biogenic B.evaporite C.foliated D.nonfoliated E.clastic 31. Basalt and gabbro are composed of ? magma. A.sialic/felsic B.mafic C.intermediate D.ultramafic 32. ? are icelike compounds composed of water and natural gas; they are very common in low-temperature deep ocean sediments. A.tar sand B.crude oil C.oil shale D.clathrates E.migmatites 33. Most rocks on the Earth's surface are A.igneous B.sedimentary C.metamorphic 34. Acid mine drainage often occurs due to the weathering of ? minerals. A.sulfide B.oxide C.silicate D.halide E.carbonate 35. Halite, gypsum and borax are ? minerals. A.clastic B.detrital C.placer D.evaporite E.biogenic 36. A ? is a large, bowl-shaped summit depression in a volcano. A.cinder cone B.volcanic neck C.composite volcano D.shield volcano E.caldera 37. ? are tabular discordant plutons. A.batholiths B.stocks C.laccoliths D.sills E.dikes 38. The greater the silica content of magma, the ? the explosiveness of the volcano. A.less B.greater 39. Lava tubes and tunnels would most often be associated with ? lava. A.pahoehoe B.aa 40. ? volcanoes are mostly formed from andesite. A.composite B.shield C.both composite and shield volcanoes are made from andesite 41. ? are mushroom-shaped plutons. A.batholiths B.stocks C.laccoliths D.sills E.dikes 42. A stock is ? than a batholith. A.smaller B.larger C.the difference between a stock and batholith are in their composition, not their size 43. ? are tabular concordant plutons. A.calderas B.stocks C.batholiths D.sills E.dikes 44. Peridotite is a ? igneous rock. A.felsic B.mafic C.ultramafic 45. Glassy igneous textures were formed due to ? cooling of magmas. A.slow B.rapid 46. ? igneous rocks are rich in silica and aluminum. A.felsic B.mafic C.ultramafic 47. Marble is a ? rock. A.extrusive igneous B.intrusive igneous C.clastic sedimentary D.carbonate sedimentary E.metamorphic 48. ? are 2.6 to 1.6 billion year-old layered oxides and silicates; they probably formed due to bacteriogenic activity. A.phosphorites B.evaporites C.placers D.banded iron formations E.tar sands 49. Lignite is a type of A.tar sand B.oil shale C.coal D.natural gas E.crude oil 50. ? textures have crystals of microscopic size. A.aphanitic B.porphyritic C.phaneritic D.amygdaloidal E.vesicular 51. The United States uses about ? percent of the World's oil. A.4 B.8 C.15 D.20 E.25 52. Phenocrysts are found in ? igneous rocks. A.aphanitic B.porphyritic C.phaneritic D.amygdaloidal E.vesicular 53. Chemical sedimentary structures are formed ? deposition. A.before B.during C.after 54. ? may be used to determine ancient current direction. A.nodules B.geodes C.concretions D.migmatites E.cross-bedding 55. The most abundant rocks within the Earth are A.metamorphic B.sedimentary C.igneous D.all of these rocks are equally abundant 56. ? is of intermediate igneous composition; it often forms along island arcs. A.peridotite B.granite C.andesite D.rhyolite E.obsidian 57. The United States has ? reserves of natural gas versus oil. A.fewer B.more 58. The association of salt domes and basin faults with hydrocarbons is especially characteristic of A.the Texas Panhandle B.the Permian Basin C.West-Central Texas D.the Gulf Coast E.salt domes and basin faults are found in all of these areas 59. Which of the following would not typically be considered a parent magma? A.granite B.basalt C.obsidian 60. ? is composed primarily of methane. A.tar sand B.oil shale C.coal D.natural gas E.crude oil 61. Which of the following metamorphic rocks experienced the greatest temperatures and pressures? A.schist B.slate C.phyllite D.gneiss E.granite 62. Natural gas ? a greenhouse gas. A.is B.is not 63. ? rocks are formed in a solid state due to changes in temperature, pressure and the chemical environment. A.igneous B.sedimentary C.metamorphic 64. Bowen's Reaction Series has been especially utilized in the interpretation of the formation of ? rocks. A.metamorphic B.igneous C.sedimentary 65. ? have especially large crystals due to the presence of magmatic water. A.migmatites B.kimberlites C.pegmatites D.xenoliths E.peridotites 66. ? environments are lake environments. A.fluvial B.eolian C.deltaic D.lacustrine E.karst