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The Basic Functions of the operating system OS Terms & Concepts • How an OS processes data; 32-bit & 64-bit OS • 32-bit (x86) OS – Can only access up to 4GB RAM • 64-bit (x64) OS – Can access more than 128GB RAM – Data path is bigger, faster – Need 64-bit program to take advantage of it Basic Terms to Describe an OS • OS provides interface between user, application & hardware • All modern OS’s have all of these capabilities Partition Types • One physical drive can be divided into 4 partitions • Primary Partition – Can be bootable – OS uses the active partition to boot system • Active Partition- must bust be primary partition – Only 1 primary partition can be active – Contains the boot files Convert to NTFS • Backup data • Reformat partition • Restore data from backup • In Command Prompt, use the CONVERT.EXE utility: – convert c: /fs:ntfs Drivers and Device Manger • If you install incorrect driver in windows 7? • Select video adapter card properties in the device manger, select the driver tab and click roll back driver Computer locks with stop error message and it reboot? In safe mode uses advance startup options menu to disable auto restart function System Recovery • Press & hold F8 on startup to enter Safe mode • Safe mode with networking to get driver on another server • Advanced Boot Options…Repair Your Computer – Startup Repair • Scans to fix files missing so it can boot – System Restore • Restore to an earlier point – System Image Recovery • Creates a system image – Command Prompt Format for a File Type • NTFS – Use most of the time larger files ,partitions up to 16 exabytes – Has data security (encryption & compression) – Supports • FAT32 – Generally can be used in XP & earlier – Supports partitions up to 2TB Need to Run an XP Program? • Compatibility Mode – In Vista/7 – Allows program to run as if it was on an earlier OS • An XP only program can run in Vista/y • Use if you don’t have Virtual PC Safe Mode • Press F8 on boot for Advanced Startup Options • Safe Mode – Starts Windows with drivers for basic components, such as the keyboard and display • Safe Mode with Networking – Starts Windows in Safe Mode with drivers for NIC • Safe Mode with Command Prompt – Starts Windows and loads the command prompt instead of GUI • Last Known Good Configuration – Loads the configuration settings that were used the last time that Windows started successfully HARD DRIVE MAINTENANCE Two utilities to main maintain hard rive that have long periods of uses Disk cleanup Disk defragment Review- 4Q • If a partition is active, then it must be what kind of partition? – Primary • How many partitions can be active? –1 • The OS uses the active partition to do what? – Boot the system • When making changes, you see many pop-up messages asking if it’s ok to do the change. What’s this called & what can you do to stop this? – UAC; lower the settings in the User Account in CP Compatibility mode • If programs run in window vista then you upgrade to windows 7 and programs no longer work ! use compatibility mode to make programs work Virtual Pc? • Hypervisor (or Virtual Machine manager VMM) Can run multiple virtual machines on one PC • Each virtual machine runs its own OS – Allocates resources for each virtual machine • Type 1 Native – Runs directly on hardware • Type 2 Hosted – Hosted by the OS – Windows Virtual PC Windows Virtual PC • Can download from Microsoft • Must run a licensed copy OS in each Virtual PC • Need to run XP only programs in Windows 7? – Windows XP Mode (in Pro, Enterprise, Ultimate) – Download Virtual PC – Select XP Mode in Start Menu to run the software • Virtual Machines can get viruses! Review- 3Q • Microsoft Virtual PC is what Type? – Type 2 • What does Type 2 mean? – It’s hosted by the OS • You’d like to test how a virus attacks a system. What setup would you use to test it without affecting your normal OS & the network? – Set up Virtualization Window 7 features • Aero peek allows users to view contents of the desktop by moving mouse to the right edge Schedule the Tasks Use the AT command • Automate the maintenance tasks to perform: – Disk cleanup – Backup – Disk defragmenter – Restore point – Starting other applications • Under System Tools in Start Menu Review- 4Q • What checks file integrity in Windows XP/Vista/7? – Chkdsk • Which backup is the slowest because all data & files are put on the media? – Normal/Full • What can you do to help reduce repair costs and increase reliability of your computers? – Preventive maintenance plan • How to Create a Restore Point • Restore system to a previous date/time • Used to restore computer to earlier time when working properly Create a restore point before making changes to system they contain info about the system and registry settings Windows 7 Boot Sequence 1. Power On Self Test (POST) – Turn on the computer (cold boot) – The computer performs the POST – Any errors will be beep-codes 2. BIOS locates & reads config settings in CMOS – Finds what device to boot to • This is where the OS is 3. BIOS reads the Master Boot Record – – – MBR is on boot device (HD) in 1st active partition Tells where OS is on disk & how to load it If corrupt Operating System will fail to start!!! Repair Options (If computer fails to boot) Virus attack • Just in case you don’t have the install media to help get repair options – Control Panel…Backup & Restore…Create a System Repair Disc – Control Panel…Backup & Restore…Create a System Image (save it to HD, DVD, Network) – Factory Recovery Partition • Image from when PC was built If the computer is running slowly and has a delayed response? • A process is running and using all of the cpu Performance monitor • Administrative tool to display the number of computer resources simultaneously