Download Basic Functions of the operating system

The Basic Functions of the operating
system
OS Terms & Concepts
• How an OS processes data; 32-bit & 64-bit OS
• 32-bit (x86) OS
– Can only access up to 4GB RAM
• 64-bit (x64) OS
– Can access more than 128GB RAM
– Data path is bigger, faster
– Need 64-bit program to take advantage of it
Basic Terms to Describe an OS
• OS provides interface between user,
application & hardware
• All modern OS’s have all of these capabilities
Partition Types
• One physical drive can be divided into 4 partitions
• Primary Partition
– Can be bootable
– OS uses the active partition to boot system
• Active Partition- must bust be primary partition
– Only 1 primary partition can be active
– Contains the boot files
Convert to NTFS
• Backup data
• Reformat partition
• Restore data from
backup
• In Command Prompt,
use the CONVERT.EXE
utility:
– convert c: /fs:ntfs
Drivers and Device Manger
• If you install incorrect driver in windows 7?
• Select video adapter card properties in the
device manger, select the driver tab and click
roll back driver
Computer locks with stop error
message and it reboot?
In safe mode uses advance startup
options menu to disable auto restart
function
System Recovery
• Press & hold F8 on startup to enter Safe mode
• Safe mode with networking to get driver on
another server
• Advanced Boot Options…Repair Your Computer
– Startup Repair
• Scans to fix files missing so it can boot
– System Restore
• Restore to an earlier point
– System Image Recovery
• Creates a system image
– Command Prompt
Format for a File Type
• NTFS
– Use most of the time
larger files ,partitions up to 16 exabytes
– Has data security (encryption & compression)
– Supports
• FAT32
– Generally can be used in XP & earlier
– Supports partitions up to 2TB
Need to Run an XP Program?
• Compatibility Mode
– In Vista/7
– Allows program to run as
if it was on an earlier OS
• An XP only program can run
in Vista/y
• Use if you don’t have
Virtual PC
Safe Mode
• Press F8 on boot for Advanced Startup Options
• Safe Mode
– Starts Windows with drivers for basic components, such as
the keyboard and display
• Safe Mode with Networking
– Starts Windows in Safe Mode with drivers for NIC
• Safe Mode with Command Prompt
– Starts Windows and loads the command prompt instead of
GUI
• Last Known Good Configuration
– Loads the configuration settings that were used the last
time that Windows started successfully
HARD DRIVE MAINTENANCE
Two utilities to main maintain hard rive that have long periods of uses
Disk cleanup
Disk defragment
Review- 4Q
• If a partition is active, then it must be what kind
of partition?
– Primary
• How many partitions can be active?
–1
• The OS uses the active partition to do what?
– Boot the system
• When making changes, you see many pop-up
messages asking if it’s ok to do the change.
What’s this called & what can you do to stop this?
– UAC; lower the settings in the User Account in CP
Compatibility mode
• If programs run in window vista then you
upgrade to windows 7 and programs no
longer work ! use compatibility mode to make
programs work
Virtual Pc?
• Hypervisor (or Virtual Machine manager VMM)
Can run multiple virtual machines on one PC
• Each virtual machine runs its own OS
– Allocates resources for each virtual machine
• Type 1 Native
– Runs directly on hardware
• Type 2 Hosted
– Hosted by the OS
– Windows Virtual PC
Windows Virtual PC
• Can download from Microsoft
• Must run a licensed copy OS in each Virtual PC
• Need to run XP only programs in Windows 7?
– Windows XP Mode (in Pro, Enterprise, Ultimate)
– Download Virtual PC
– Select XP Mode in Start Menu to run the software
• Virtual Machines can get viruses!
Review- 3Q
• Microsoft Virtual PC is what Type?
– Type 2
• What does Type 2 mean?
– It’s hosted by the OS
• You’d like to test how a virus attacks a system.
What setup would you use to test it without
affecting your normal OS & the network?
– Set up Virtualization
Window 7 features
• Aero peek allows users to view contents of the
desktop by moving mouse to the right edge
Schedule the Tasks
Use the AT command
• Automate the maintenance tasks to perform:
– Disk cleanup
– Backup
– Disk defragmenter
– Restore point
– Starting other applications
• Under System Tools in Start Menu
Review- 4Q
• What checks file integrity in Windows XP/Vista/7?
– Chkdsk
• Which backup is the slowest because all data &
files are put on the media?
– Normal/Full
• What can you do to help reduce repair costs and
increase reliability of your computers?
– Preventive maintenance plan
•
How to Create a Restore Point
• Restore system to a
previous date/time
• Used to restore computer
to earlier time when
working properly
Create a restore point before
making changes to system
they contain info about the
system and registry settings
Windows 7 Boot Sequence
1. Power On Self Test (POST)
– Turn on the computer (cold boot)
– The computer performs the POST
– Any errors will be beep-codes
2. BIOS locates & reads config settings in CMOS
– Finds what device to boot to
• This is where the OS is
3. BIOS reads the Master Boot Record
–
–
–
MBR is on boot device (HD) in 1st active partition
Tells where OS is on disk & how to load it
If corrupt Operating System will fail to start!!!
Repair Options (If computer fails to
boot) Virus attack
• Just in case you don’t have the install media to
help get repair options
– Control Panel…Backup & Restore…Create a System
Repair Disc
– Control Panel…Backup & Restore…Create a System
Image (save it to HD, DVD, Network)
– Factory Recovery Partition
• Image from when PC was built
If the computer is running slowly and
has a delayed response?
• A process is running and using all of the cpu
Performance monitor
• Administrative tool to display the number of
computer resources simultaneously