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Aztec and Incas Beginning of Aztec Empire The Aztecs were founded by the Mexica, early hunters and warriors who came from the north into central Mexico Beginning of Aztec Empire Legend predicted the Mexicans would found a great civilization where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus growing out of a rock Aztec civilization was created on Lake Texcoco—strategic with abundant food supplies & waterways for transportation Beginning of Aztec Empire The capital, Tenochtitlán, was founded in 1325 AD and located on the present-day site of Mexico City Mexican Flag When captured by Spanish conquistadors (Cortes) in 1521 , Tenochtitlán was possibly the largest city in the world Aztec Empire Farming was the basis of the Aztec economy, but land was not large enough to produce enough food for the population; Aztecs created chinampas (floating gardens), by putting mud on huge mats made of woven reeds & placed them in lake—farmed on soil on these “farms” Corn, Beans, Tomatoes, Squash, and Avocados Aztec Empire- Government Aztec were excellent warriors who expanded their empire by conquering their neighbors At the top was the Emperor Aztec Empire- Social Hierarchy Emperor, Nobility Commoners- Priests, Merchants, Artisans, Farmers Serfs- farmworkers Slaves- criminals, prisoners of war Aztec Empire- Religion Aztecs were the “people of the sun” who honored many gods, especially sun god; used human sacrifices to keep the gods happy— victim’s heart was removed & priest ate flesh as sign of respect Son GodHuitzilopochtli What does this image show? Summary of Aztec Empire Developed Lacked Centralized Government Metal tools Raised Armies Large Work Animals Conquered Empires Working Wheel 360-day religious calendar 365-day solar calendar Inca Empire The Inca built one of the largest & wealthiest empires in the world It began in the mid-1400s & was located on the western coast of South America Inca Empire Rise of the Inca Began around 1200 AD, small tribes competing for scarce fertile land Cuzco became the capital Inca Expansion AD 1438– Pachacuti and son Topa Inca Yupanqui Inca Empire Incan Empire extended more than 2,500 miles & included present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, & Argentina— huge territory covered deserts, mountains, & rain forests Inca Empire Most famous city was Machu Picchu Machu Picchu Inca Government Divine Ruler Permitted local rulers as long as they were loyal Had complex system of tribute collections, courts, military posts, trade inspections, and local work regulations Inca- Agriculture Used terraced mountain-sides & irrigation streams for farming- potatoes and quinoa Inca- Religion Viracocha-creator Inti- sun god Inca Empire Other Accomplishments of the Inca: –Had no writing, but created record system called quipu (knots tied to colored rope) –Built suspension bridges –Built 10,000 miles of roads –Excellent goldsmiths –Common language- Quechua Inca Decline Pizzarro 1530’s AD