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UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
DATE:
Objectives
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To study definition of Universe
To compare Historical theories about the position the Earth in the Universe:
To learn about the Big Bang theory
Vocabulary
Universe
Matter
Energy
space
Geocentric system
Heliocentric system
To follow
Sun
Moon
Star
Planet
The Earth
Explosion
To revolve
Activities
1) UNIVERSE
The Universe is everything we can see: space, matter and energy.
Everything that exists is part of the Universe
2) LOST IN SPACE.
Historical theories about the position the Earth in the Universe:
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Geocentric theory: the Earth is the centre of the Universe. The Sun,
Moon, stars and planets revolve around the Earth.
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Heliocentric theory: the Sun is the centre of the Universe. The Earth,
planets and stars revolve around the Sun.
3) THE BIG BANG THEORY
The Big Bang theory says that a big explosion created the Universe.
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
Activities
1. What is the Universe?
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2. Read the following texts and answer these questions.
a) Who follows the geocentric system?
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b) Who follows the heliocentric system?
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3. Draw a picture representing each theory.
4. See the video about the Big Bang theory.
Homework
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Study definition of the Universe
Do the activity 2 on page 4 from Basic Concepts Natural Science
Lee el texto sobre la teoría del Big Bang y explícala con tus palabras.
La teoría del Big Bang o gran explosión, supone que, hace entre 12.000 y 15.000
millones de años, toda la materia del Universo estaba concentrada en una zona
extraordinariamente pequeña del espacio, y explotó. La materia salió impulsada con
gran energía en todas direcciones. Los choques y un cierto desorden hicieron que la
materia se agrupara y se concentrase más en algunos lugares del espacio, y se
formaron las primeras estrellas y las primeras galaxias. Desde entonces, el Universo
continúa en constante movimiento y evolución. Esta teoría sobre el origen del Universo
se basa en observaciones rigurosas y es matemáticamente correcta desde un instante
después de la explosión, pero no tiene una explicación para el momento cero del origen
del Universo, llamado “singularidad”.
Raúl Fonseca Salomón
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
DATE:
Objectives
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
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To review homework
To calculate distances in the universe using units such as the light year and the
astronomical unit.
To define galaxies and their types.
Vocabulary
Velocity /speed
kilometer
Galaxy
Interstellar gas
Dust
To orbit
Elliptical shape
Spiral shape
Irregular shape
Milky Way
Solar system
Arm
Contents
4) THE DISTANCES IN THE UNIVERSE.
An astronomical unit (AU) is defined as the distance between the Earth and the
Sun. It is approximately 150 million km (93 million miles)
A light-year is a unit of distance. It is the distance that light can travel in one
year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000 kilometers (km) each second.
5) THE UNIVERSE WE KNOW. THE GALAXIES.
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
Galaxies The Universe is about 14.000 million years old, and is formed by
more than 100 billion galaxies. A galaxy is a huge system of stars, interstellar
gas and dust. Typical galaxies contain from ten million to one trillion stars, all
orbiting a common centre of gravity. Some galaxies are elliptical shape, some
are spiral, and others are irregular. Galaxies are usually separated from others
by distances on the order of millions of light years.
The Milky Way is the galaxy which is the home of our Solar System together
with at least 200 billion other stars; its diameter is about 100,000 light years. It
is a spiral galaxy. It is formed by spiral arms which orbit its centre, which is
very big. Stars are in groups in these arms. Ours Solar System is situated
between two of the spiral arms of the galaxy
Activities
5. Jupiter is 5.2 AU from the Sun; How many kilometers equals?
6. How many kilometers are a light year?
7. Choose the correct answer. Galaxies are formed by:
a. Starts, gas and dust
b. Meteorites, comets and asteroids.
c. Incandescent rocks.
8. What is the correct phrase?
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The Milky Way is formed by interstellar gas and dust.
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The Milky Way is the galaxy which we are and the Sun is in the
center.
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The Milky Way is the galaxy which The Solar System resides
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The nearest galaxy to ours is The Milky Way.
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
9. Pair work. Read carefully the text and then you must ask your
partner three questions about the text which he or she must
answer .
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Homework
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Study definition of the galaxy and Milky Way
Study the types of galaxies
Do the problem: The star Alfa Centauro is 4,3 light years from Earth. ¿How
many kilometres equals?
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
DATE:
Objectives


To review homework
Estudiar las estrellas y su evolución.
Contents
Apartado 4 de tu libro de español.
Activities

Resume el apartado 4 de tu libro de español

Realiza las actividades 1, 4 y 5
Homeworks
1. Contesta brevemente a las preguntas siguientes:
a) El combustible que utiliza una estrella es …………………………….....................
b) ¿Qué estrellas tienen más temperatura superficial, las rojas o las azules?
......................................
c) ¿Cómo mueren las estrellas de mayor masa? .....................................................
d) El Sol tiene una temperatura superficial aproximada de …………………..…..…
e) ¿Cómo se clasifican las estrellas según su tamaño? ........................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ¿Qué astros aparecen en la fotografía? ¿En qué se diferencian? ¿Cuál es
su origen?
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
10. ¿Por qué decimos que el Sol es una estrella si es tan diferente de
ellas?
11. . ¿Adónde se van las estrellas durante el día?
10. ¿Qué diferencia hay entre planeta y satélite?
Nombra ordenadamente los planetas del Sistema Solar.
10. ¿Qué diferencia hay entre asteroide y meteorito?
11. ¿Dónde están la mayoría de los asteroides?
12. ¿Qué son las estrellas fugaces? ¿Cómo puede una estrella moverse tan
rápido?
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
13. Hay un cuerpo celeste llamado Halley que vemos periódicamente cada
76 años. ¿De qué crees que se trata?
14. Completa estas frases en inglés:
a. The .......... is a luminous body.
b. A moon is a natural ..........
c. Mercury is the first planet in the Solar
System.
d. Venus is the ...............
e. Jupiter is the ...............
f. ............... is the fourth planet in the Solar System.
g. ............... is the seventh planet the Solar System.
h. Venus is between ............... and Earth.
i. Mars is between ..................................
j. ............................................ Saturn and Neptune
The planets are the biggest objects orbiting the Sun. Their orbit is almost circular. In order of their distances
from the Sun, the planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The four
inner planets are small and rocky planets; the four outer planets are gaseous giant planets with a small rocky
core. All planets but the two first are orbited by natural satellites (usually called "moons"). The planets, with
the exception of Earth, are named after gods and goddesses from Greco-Roman mythology. The following
table shows some major magnitudes measured relative to the Earth:
Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Ceres*
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto*
Eris*
Orbital
Distance
(AU)
0.0
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.5
2.8
5.2
9.5
19.2
30.1
39.4
67.7
Mass
(earths)
330,000
0.06
0.81
1.00
0.11
0.00015
317.8
95.2
14.5
17.2
0.002
0.002?
Diameter Rotational Orbital Density Surface
(earths)
Period
Period (earths) Gravity
(days)
(years)
(earths)
109.2
25.4
...
1.42
28
0.38
59
0.24
0.98
0.38
0.95
243
0.62
0.95
0.90
1.00
1.00
1.0
1.00
1.00
0.53
1.03
1.9
0.71
0.38
0.07
0.38
4.6
0.38
0.03
11.2
0.42
11.9
0.24
2.34
9.4
0.44
29.4
0.12
1.16
4.0
0.72
83.7
0.23
1.15
3.9
0.67
163.7
0.30
1.19
0.18
6.40
248.0
0.37
0.04
0.18
~8
557
?
?
Moons
...
0
0
1
2
0
63
47
27
13
3
1
Surface
Temperature
ºC
167
464
15
-63
-34
-108
-139
-215
-201
-223
-243
The dwarf planets are also rocky objects orbiting the Sun, smaller than the planets, but bigger than asteroids.
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
15. How far is Venus from the Sun?
16. How long does the Earth need to make one complete orbit around the
Sun?
17. How long does Uranus need to orbit the Sun?
18. How long does the Earth need to complete one rotation?
19. How long does it take for Mercury to make a rotation?
20. How many satellites has Mars got?
21. How warm is it on Uranus?
22. Which planet in our Solar System has the largest mass?
23. Which planet has the highest temperature?
24. Which planet has the lowest temperature?
25. Which planet is the nearest to the Earth?
26. Which planet is the nearest to Saturn?
27. Name the four planets with the highest density.
28. Which planet has the lowest density?
29. Which planet is the farthest from the Sun?
30. Which planets are nearer to the Sun than the Earth?
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
31. Which planets are larger than Uranus?
32 Which planets are smaller than Venus?
33. Which planets are hotter than the Earth?
34. Which planets are colder than the Earth?
35. ¿Qué relación existe entre el período orbital de un planeta y su distancia al
Sol?
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE
UNIT 1 THE UNIVERSE
1ESO NATURAL SCIENCE