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Download 3 rd Harmonic Currents - Maryland Public Service Commission
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EmPower Maryland 2012 Plan Stakeholder Meeting 1 November 2010 BG&E Baltimore, Maryland Potential for Energy Savings in the Electrical Distribution System R. C Kaufman, VP Sales Harmonics Limited 724-981-6335 [email protected] Presentation Outline • Company Background • Key Customers / Installed Base • The Harmonic Suppression System – Application – Target Markets – Technology – Benefits – Products – Justification, ROI and Verification • Summary • Q and A Harmonics Limited Delaware Corporation – 2001 Offices: Headquarters: Brookfield, CT Technology Center: Raleigh NC Sales Offices: Pittsburgh, PA; Roanoke, VA A Leader in Harmonic Suppression Technology Patent(s) Protected (10/21/03, 8/15/06 & 4/14/10) 1,000 Major Clients Throughout United States Select Client Installations by Industry COLLEGES and UNIVERSITIES MIT – Sloan School Stanford University Yale University FINANCIAL SERVICES Bank of America HSBC UBS GAMING Chickasaw Nation Casinos (OK) Foxwoods & Mohegan Sun Casinos (CT) GOVERNMENT CaLSTRS CA Franchise Tax Board HIGH TECH IBM Pratt & Whitney Sun Microsystems HOSPITALS Johns Hopkins Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Scripps Mercy Hospital (CA) MEDIA ABC ESPN CBS FOX PHARMACEUTICAL / BIOTECH Boston Scientific Bristol Meyers Squibb The Harmonic Suppression System R. C Kaufman, VP Sales Harmonics Limited 724-981-6335 [email protected] The Problem / Application Electronic equipment operating in virtually all schools, commercial and public office buildings, hospitals, and recreation complexes generates damaging 3rd harmonic currents that waste energy in the electrical power distribution system. Harmonics Limited has a solution for this problem that is cost effective and reduces energy consumption. Potential Customers • • • • • • • • Schools (K-12, Colleges and Universities) Hospitals Commercial Office Complexes / Buildings Financial Institutions – Banks and Brokerages Call Centers / Data Centers Government Buildings Gaming Complexes (Casinos) Testing / Research and Development Facilities Installed transformers rated K-7 and above AC to DC - Switch Mode Power Supplies Most All Electronic Gear Computers Printers Communication Equipment Copiers Gaming Machines Imaging and Diagnostic Equipment Test Equipment Monitors 3rd Harmonic Currents PEAKS ZERO CROSSINGS AMPLITUDE Irregular Current Draw From SMPS results in non linear waveforms from the fundamental waveform. Fundamental – 60Hz 3rd Harmonic – 180Hz 5th Harmonic – 300Hz 7th Harmonic – 420Hz 9th Harmonic – 540Hz Etc…. VOLTAGE CURRENT 180 WAVE ANGLE AMPLITUDE FUNDAMENTAL 3rd HARMONIC 360 CURRENT % FUNDAMENTAL 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 5th HARMONIC 1 3 5 7 9 HARMONIC NUMBER 11 13 15 17 19 Harmonic Currents and Their Effects The Problem 100 80 60 • Harmonic currents take up capacity and do no work • Generate heat in the transformer • The 3rd harmonic is additive in the neutral • Neutral current can exceed phase current 40 20 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 With HSS Without HHS The Effects 250 • Decreased kVA capacity 200 • OVERLOADING - Neutral Currents are not Fused or Monitored • Overheating of transformers • Distorted voltage and current waveforms • Breakers trip • Unreliable operation of electronic equipment • Increased maintenance of equipment and machinery • Wasted energy and higher electric costs 150 100 50 0 1 3 5 With HHS 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 Without HHS What is an Harmonic Suppression System? • A Passive Parallel Resonant Circuit installed in the neutral • Blocks frequencies near 180 Hz (3rd harmonic) – near infinite impedance • Passes other frequencies ( i.e..@60Hz, < 50 m Ohms of impedance) • Eliminates the 3rd harmonic in the entire system • No need to run double neutrals 180 Hz Summary of Benefits • Reduces energy usage by 3% to 8% • Increases useable transformer capacity • Removes HEAT from entire electrical distribution system – potential for HVAC savings • Extends transformer life and lowers maintenance cost • Emissions reduced 1.35 lbs CO2 / kWh • Passive system – maintenance is not required • Used in renovation, new construction and to resolve power quality issues The Products – SysteMax and TransMax • Stand alone filter sized to the transformer – 30kVA to 1,000kVA – Performs with all transformer types - TP-1, Phase Shift (Zig-Zag), K-Rate and New CSL-3 – Normally installed in 4 to 6 hours on an existing transformer – downtime typically less than 1 hour – can be switched hot – Installation done by a qualified electrician and/or facility engineer • Transformer with Integrated Harmonic Filter – TP-1 Standard – CSL-3 Option Justification / Verification • New installation - engineering estimate of transformer loading and percent of non-linear load (K-Rated) • Existing transformer - testing is done to determine actual total and harmonic loads – each phase and neutral • Determination made of potential reduction in energy use • ROI analysis completed based on TOC (Total Ownership Cost) – typically 18 to 36 months – dependent on transformer loading and energy cost • Post installation transformer testing / monitoring Summary • • • • • Patented Technology Proven in the field for >15 years Passive – maintenance not required Eliminates not just accommodates 3rd harmonic currents Reduces HEAT in the transformer and distribution system – Lower Energy Consumption – 3% to 8% • • • • Increases useable transformer capacity Compatible with all transformers including new CSL-3 high efficiency ROI can be 18 to 36 months Used in new construction, renovation, and with existing transformer R. C Kaufman, VP Sales Harmonics Limited 724-981-6335 [email protected] Thank You Questions R. C Kaufman, VP Sales Harmonics Limited 724-981-6335 [email protected] Backup Slides R. C Kaufman, VP Sales Harmonics Limited 724-981-6335 [email protected] Linear Voltage-Current Relationship Voltage and current have the same mathematical relationship across the entire cycle • Motors AMPLITUDE • Incandescent Light Bulbs PEAKS ZERO CROSSINGS CURRENT VOLTAGE • Resistance Heaters 0 180 WAVE ANGLE 360 Harmonic Suppression System Installation NO 3rd Harmonic Currents Circulate in Delta or Wye TRANSFORMER ENCLOSURE PHASE C 60Hz X0 PRIMARY CIRCUIT BREAKER PHASE B 60Hz PHASE A HSS 60Hz **Installed between the neutral “XO” of the transformer & combined neutral “return”.** COMPUTER COMPUTER COMPUTER TO BUILDING STEEL •60Hz imbalanced current only in combined return neutral •NO 3rd Harmonic currents can exist The Competition • K-Rate Transformer – Accommodates 3rd harmonic current – does NOT eliminate – flows in entire system – Requires double neutral to carry 3rd harmonic current – Wastes energy – harmonic current dissipated in primary as HEAT • HMT (Zig-Zag) Transformer – Harmonic current flow blocked “upstream” to primary - dissipated as HEAT in the secondary – still flows in the system (downstream) in loads – Wastes energy – Like K-Rate, requires double neutral to carry 3rd harmonic current • Active Filter – – – – – Comprised of voltage amplifiers and active components that sense currents Requires relatively stable load Possible maintenance issues Limited energy savings, if any High cost 3rd Harmonic Heat Generation in Transformer Cores • Harmonic Suppression Systems Significantly Reduce System Heat • Heat = Direct Correlation to Energy Loss Core, without HSS Tmax = 155°C Core, with HSS Tmax = 119°C MTBF of Passive Harmonic Suppression Systems Major Components of HSS • Inductor – UL approved coil of wire oversized and rated to handle short circuit current. • UL rating is > 500,000 hrs (57 years) • Capacitors – UL approved 240VAC line voltage rating, designed for power factor correction • Self repairing polypropylene dielectrics in event of pin hole • Typically operating voltages capacitors will see inside HSS is 24-30Volts • Multiple redundancy. In event a capacitor where to fail, redundant capacitors see a slight shift in resonance frequency and to continue to work to original performance. • Designed to 5% of rated duty of capacitor’s recommended operation (voltage & temp) • Equates to MTBF > 50 years • Much greater chance of a transformer failure – typically due to non-linear harmonic loads Quality & Reliability of a Passive Harmonic Suppression is Built-In • Inherent design equates to MTBF > 50 Years • >8,000 HSS systems in the field • 5 Year Warranty Library of 3rd Party Articles Available IEEE-519 Compliance • HL Harmonic Suppression Systems meet all IEEE-519 Compliance • IEEE-519 refers to Point of Common Coupling • Exterior to the infrastructure (incoming utility) • Where a consumer of power might cause interference with other customers sharing the same utility. • IEEE-519 does not reference anything with regard to internal infrastructures where a load transformer or HSS would be installed • HL’s HSS removes 3rd harmonics from the primary winding of the transformer where any impact to the utility drop (PCC) and IEEE-519 is of interest Library of 3rd Party Articles Available