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Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics Unit Test Study Guide Format: Matching Labeling Diagrams Multiple Choice Short Answer Bonus Question Vocabulary to be familiar with: Subduction Plate Boundary Asthenosphere Tsunami Crustal Plate Crust Ocean Basin Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Pangaea Lithosphere Rift Valley Inner/outer core Volcano Epicenter Fault Lava Magma Test on March 9th Convergent Boundary Convection Current Earthquake Mid-Ocean Ridge Mantle Focus Seismic Waves Pyroclastic Flow Concepts to make sure you know: 1. What are the Earth’s layers? Inner Core, outer core, mantle, crust 2. What is the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere? The lithosphere is solid and made up of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, it also makes up the tectonic plates. The asthenosphere is pliable soft rock and is in the middle of the mantle that is thought to be responsible for tectonic plate movement via convection currents. 3. What does the theory of plate tectonics explain? It explains that the plates are in constant slow motion from convection currents in the mantle. 4. Where do most volcanoes and earthquakes occur? At plate boundaries 5. Energy is released from earthquakes in the form of what? Seismic Waves 6. What is the difference between surface waves, primary waves, and secondary waves? Surface waves travel the slowest and do the most damage, primary waves travel fastest and can go through solid and liquid. Secondary waves arrive travel slower than primary and can only travel through solids. 7. What is the difference between convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries? There are three types of convergent boundaries that all involve plates pushing into each other: Continent to continent creates mountains, continent to ocean creates subduction zones where earthquakes and volcanoes easily form, and ocean to ocean can also create subduction and form islands. 8. What evidence did Wegener gather to support his continental drift hypothesis? He looked at Fossils, climate, and geology 9. What is a tsunami? A huge water wave caused by the displacement of a large amount of water. Tsunami’s are caused by earthquakes, volcanos, and landslides. 10.What is the difference between magma and lava? Magma is inside the Earth, lava is what it is called when it reaches the surface. 11. What are the names of the seven major plates? North American, South American, African, Eurasian, Pacific, Australian, & Antarctic. 12. What is the difference between the three types of faults: normal, reverse, and strike-slip? In a normal fault the upper block moves down, the stress comes from the blocks pulling apart in a divergent boundary. In a reverse fault the converging plates collide with the block above the fault plane moving up while pushing into each other. In a strike slip fault the transform boundary causes stress when plates get stuck moving past each other. 13.Where is magma stored in a volcano? Magma is stored in magma chambers. 14. What are the materials that can erupt from a volcano? Rock fragments (ash, cinders, and block), volcanic gases, and pyroclastic flows (mixture of gases and rock fragments).