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Daily Life in Athens The Economy • Most Athenian citizens were farmers. – They grew things like olives, grapes, and figs. – They planted crops on terraced hillsides. • Terracing means carving small, flat plots of land from hillsides • Trade was also a very important part of Athens’s economy. – The Athenian’s used their superior navy to establish colonies along the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black Seas . – They exported olive oil, wine, and other household items, and imported grain and other foods they could not grow. Athenian Home • Athenians built huge temples and public buildings and generally believed that money should be spent on buildings that benefit the whole community. • Most people lived in one-story houses made of brick. These houses included: – Courtyards – Living rooms – Dining rooms – Bedrooms – Storerooms – Kitchen Frescoes Paintings done on wet plaster walls • They had lamps that burned olive oil. – Dim lighting • They had no plumbing – Athenian families got water from a fountain near the agora (Marketplace). Athenian Family Life • Marriage – Marriage and family were very important to the Athenians. – The main purpose of marriage was to have children. • Parents always arranged marriages • Girls married around age 13 or 14 • A girl’s husband might be twice her age or older • Role of Women – Athenian women were considered inferior to men. – They were citizens but they could not own or inherit property. – A woman’s duties included: • Managing the household and slaves • Raising the children • Role of the children – The mother took care of the children until age 6. – At about age 7, boys come under the care of a pedagogue. • This was a male slave who helped educate the boys and taught them manners. • They went to school with the boys. – Boys went to school – Girls stayed at home and learned to run a household . • They usually received no further education • Wealthy girls were taught to read and write Education • Athenians placed great value on literacy and education. • The Athenian ideal stressed a sound mind and a healthy body. • Elementary School – Families sent their sons to elementary schools for a small fee. – They studied reading , writing, grammar, music, and gymnastics. • Grammar and music were taught to develop the mind • Gymnastics developed the body – They also studied poetry and were required to learn works like the Iliad and Odyssey by heart. • Sophist School – Men called Sophists opened these schools for older boys. • Sophists took their name from the Greek work sophos, meaning “wise”. – These boys studied government, math, ethics and rhetoric. • Ethics= the study of what is good and bad and what is moral duty • Rhetoric= the study of public speaking and debating Military Service • At the age of 18 Athenian males received a year of military training. • Young men who could afford armor and weapons became hoplites. • Poor men served in the army’s flanks.