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Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia riparia) Conservation, Population and Habitat Trends Middle Sacramento River Joe Silveira US Fish & Wildlife Service Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex Adam Henderson California Department of Water Resource Northern District Gregg Golet The Nature Conservancy Sacramento River Project, Chico Nat Seavy PRBO Conservation Science SF Bay Research Center, Petaluma Presentation Outline • Bank Swallow, Breeding Colonies & the Sacramento River • Population & Habitat Trends – Middle Sacramento River • Bank Swallow Habitat, Restoration and Management • California Department of Fish & Game / Sacramento River NWR Conservation Plans • Bank Swallow Technical Advisory Committee – Bank Swallow Conservation Strategy Middle Sacramento River Bank swallow (Riparia riparia riparia) • Smallest (& cutest) Swallow • Migratory – Neotropical • Colonial Nesting • CA Threatened Species • RHJV Focal Species • TNC Ecological Flows Study Terrestrial Indicator Species Over 70 % of the California BANS Population Breeds on the Sacramento River & it’s largest tributary, the Feather River Reach 1 Redding to Red Bluff _____________ Reach 2 Red Bluff to Chico Landing _____________ Reach 3 Chico Landing to Colusa ______________ Reach 4 Colusa to Verona Nesting burrows made in eroding banks Burrow Dimensions: 2 in. H x 3 in. W x 2 to 6 ft. deep Sacramento River Reach 2 & 3 Sinuosity; over-bank flooding, erosion & deposition; lateral channel migration, floodplain re-working; on-channel meander loops, off-channel oxbow lakes, floodplain sloughs Patterns of Riparian & Floodplain Vegetation Cottonwood Forest Valley Oak Forest Willow Scrub THE BANK SWALLOW ON THE SACRAMENTO RIVER CDFG Bank Swallow Research Program, 1986 – 2007 Ronald W. Schlorff & Barrett A. Garrison Survey, Habitat Assessment & Monitoring – Survey: Sacramento River (1986); Statewide (1987) • Burrow counts, Reproductive Studies, Habitat Assessment, Banding, Colony Research – Monitoring: Sacramento River, 1988 – 2007 • Burrow Counts, Habitat Assessment Allan Brooks Louis Agassiz Fuertes Bank Swallow Population Trend 1986 – 1998 14,000 Recovery Plan & PVA 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 Listed as Threatened Year . 1998 . . . . . 1992 . . . 1989 . . . 1986 . 0 . 2,000 Bank Armoring (Rip-rap) Identified as a Major Cause of Habitat Loss Annual BANS Colony Population Survey – Sacramento River & Tribs Survey Crew Bank Swallow Colony 1, 2, 3, 4, ………. 1,093, 1,094, 1,095, 1,096………. Annual Bank Swallow Survey: Sacramento River Red Bluff (RM 243) to Colusa (RM 143) Annual Bank Swallow Survey: Sacramento River, Red Bluff (RM 243) to Colusa (RM 143) YEAR 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 Total Burrows 11,710 10,662 16,259 17,660 17,640 13,990 17,040 18,260 16,160 19,170 18,130 16,590 Percent Change from Previous Year 9.8 -34.4 -7.9 0.1 26.1 -17.9 -6.7 13.0 -15.7 5.7 9.3 Three-Year Percent Change Mean of Total from Previous Burrows three-Year Mean 12,877 -13.3 14,860 -13.5 17,186 4.6 16,430 1.3 16,223 -1.3 16,430 -4.2 17,153 -4.0 17,863 0.2 17,820 -0.8 17,963 Trend for fewer, larger colonies 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1986 2007 – 8 Colonies contained 49% of the BANS Population Dawn Garcia Dr. Coleen Hatfield CSu CHICO QA/QC & Analysis of 10 Years of BANS Population Data relative to Over – Bank Vegetation, Erosion, Sinuosity & Flows BANKS OF THE SACRAMENTO 1995, 2002, 2007 Adam Henderson (Reach 2 – 2007) A product of the Environmental Services Section Northern District, Division of Planning and Local Assistance Department of Water Resources Typical agency medium-size quarried rock….. ….which can support vegetation (but is this habitat?) Large Woody Debris & Salmonid Habitat Privately applied rubble – permitted or not ….and other categories as needed, such as 1956-ish rusty Desoto Erosional Depositional Stable Meters of riprap Year High Quality Bank Swallow Habitat – River Mile 233.5 Left – BANS 2007 Survey = 1,191 Burrows Low Quality BANS Habitat Low Gradient, Low Profile Banks (Over Gravel & Sand) Predation & Habitat Quality Snakes access burrows from over-hanging branches & exposed roots Mammals from low banks No matter the habitat quality, it will change……… Medium Very High Low BANS Habitat is Ephemeral.. being lost & created as the channel meanders Recent alluvium has not yet developed pedogenic “acquired” soil horizons– they are “inherited” through the various associated dynamic energies at the time of deposition, and on top of this, channel migration / floodplain reworking further mixes and creates new (inherited) horizons– resulting in unpredictable, azonal stratigraphic soil texture horizons across the recent (100-year) floodplain Columbia & Gianella Soils with & without gravel lenses Floodplain Mapping Sacramento River NWR – Deadman’s Reach Unit Orchards & Vicinity Floodplain Mapping Sacramento River NWR – Rio Vista Unit Restoration & Vicinity Soil Pits – silt loam Sacramento River NWR – La Barranca Unit Soil Pits – silt, sand, gravel Sacramento River NWR – La Barranca Unit Soil Pits – clay & sand Sacramento River NWR – La Barranca Unit Privately “installed” rubble prior to USFWS acquisition potential for removal and habitat restoration Flynn Unit Levee – Shasta View Farms, RM 232.8 Right Floodplain Restoration – Flynn Unit Summer/Fall 2001 Levee removal completed Fall 2001 Sacramento River floods, bank fills & collapses (Winter 2001- 02) BANS Survey June 2002 Flynn Unit = 2,770 nesting pairs Soil Sampling of Bank Swallow Colonies Sacramento River Aug-Sept, 2009 – 2010 Dean W. Burkett USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Joe Silveira USDI-Fish and Wildlife Service Koll Buer California Resources Agency-Department of Water Resources Stops 1 and 2, Soils, Rm, 1997 & 2004 channel, Colonies, 100yr flood Sampling Strategy Soils sampled in use and non-use areas to determine preferred texture Use Non-Use Use Summary of Data Yellow = Use area (burrows) Soil Textures: Sand, Loamy sand, sandy loam, loam Clay range: 1-15 % Blue = Non-use area Soil Textures: Sandy loam, Loam, Silt loam Clay range: 10-20 % Floodplain Restoration – Pine Creek Unit 2010: 450 acres of riparian grassland restoration Sacramento River Wildlife Area Jacinto Unit River Mile 182 R Winter 2006 Winter 2007 The Bank Swallow Working Group CSu CHICO UC Davis Mission Statement The Bank Swallow Technical Advisory Committee (BANS-TAC) promotes collaborative long-term conservation and recovery of the Bank Swallow along the Sacramento River, its tributaries, and other areas throughout California by coordinating and supporting monitoring and research, habitat restoration and management, and outreach and education. Goal 1: Promote the Protection and Restoration of Bank Swallow Populations and Habitat Goal 2: Facilitate Collaborative Long-term Bank Swallow Data Collection and Management Goal 3: Improve and Maintain Communication and Management for Bank Swallow Conservation California Department of Fish & Game Bank Swallow Conservation Programs Annual Population Survey (Current/Annual) • Sacramento River – Reach 2 & Reach 3 (USFWS – Sacramento River NWR coop) • Resurvey Reach 1, Reach 4, & Feather River (DWR – Red Bluff & Oroville Offices coop) Bank Swallow Colony Dynamics (2010) • Nesting phenology • Multiple surveys to account for colony initiations, failures & overall success • Evaluate Occupancy Rate State-listed Threatened Status • Potential “upgrade” to Endangered Species Status if recent trends decline Bank Swallow Recovery Plan • Under Revision Population Viability Analysis • Revise and consider the effects of bank revetment Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge Planned Refuge Management Programs Strategies for BANS Related Objectives Riparian Vegetation & Habitat Strategies • Restore riparian and floodplain vegetation: grasslands Floodplain & River Processes Strategies • Modify privately constructed levees on Refuge and restore floodplain topography • Coordinate with Federal, State, District, County, local groups, for best management practices re: flood management projects via technical investigations and advisory Threatened & Endangered Species Strategies •Conduct Annual BANS Population Monitoring •Support Cooperative BANS Research at the Refuge Migratory Landbird Strategies • Coordinate with PRBO, RHJV, CVHJV, and others to periodically monitor riparian focal species at restored and native areas Bank Swallow Habitat for the Future South Sacramento “protected” by levees Sacramento River floodplain connected to the main channel Sacramento River: Flood Safety & Ecosystem Restoration