Download review-basics-atomic-structure-and-electron-configurations-v1

Monday, September 12, 2016
Review of Material for First Summative Assessment
Chemistry
1.) How many significant figures are there for each of the following?
a.) 5468 _____
b.) 0.006350 _____
c.) 20080 ________
d.) 3.20 x 104 ___
e.) 540 ________
f.) 540. _______
2.) Perform the following calculations, expressing the answer with the correct
number of significant digits.
a.) 4.895 cm + 3.21 cm + 7.9432 cm
b.) 3.21 x 5.6692
3.) The density of iron is 7.86 g/cm3. What is the volume in cubic meters of a
block of iron that has a mass of 19,650 kg?
Monday, September 12, 2016
4.) The following statements are about the particles that make up the atom. For
each statement write:
p if it describes the proton
e if it describes the electron
n if it describes the neutron
a.) The positively-charged particle ______
b.) Found with the proton, in the nucleus ______
c.) The particle that can occur in different numbers in atoms of the same
neutral element ______
d.) Held in energy levels around the nucleus. ______
e.) The negatively-charged particle. ______
f.) The particle with the negligible mass. ______
g.) The number of these particles is found by subtracting the proton number
from the mass number. ______
h.) The particle with no charge. ______
i.) The particle with the same mass as a neutron. ______
j.) The particle that dictates the position of the element in the Periodic
Table. ______
Monday, September 12, 2016
5.) The atoms of an element can be represented by a set of three letters, as
shown below.
y
zQ
a.) What do the following letters stand for?
i.) Q _____________________
ii.) y _____________________
iii.) z ____________________
b.) How many neutrons and protons are there in these atoms?
i.)
ii.)
107
47
Ag
Neutrons _______ Protons ________
63
29
Cu
Neutrons _______ Protons ________
iii.)
1
1
iv.)
20
10
v.)
238
92
H
Ne
U
Neutrons _______ Protons ________
Neutrons _______ Protons ________
Neutrons _______ Protons ________
c.) Most Bromine atoms have 45 neutrons. Describe a bromine atom,
using the method in b.).
_____
_____
____
Monday, September 12, 2016
6.) For each of the six elements aluminum (Al), boron (B), nitrogen (N),
oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) fill in the table below:
Element
Period in
Periodic
Table
Group
Number
in
Periodic
Table
Proton
(Atomic)
Number
Number
of
electrons
in neutral
atom
Electronic
configuration
Number
of Outer
Shell
electrons
Al
______
______
______
______
________
______
B
______
______
______
______
________
______
N
______
______
______
______
________
______
O
______
______
______
______
________
______
P
______
______
______
______
________
______
S
______
______
______
______
________
______
7.) Strontium, proton (atomic) number 38, is in the fifth period of the Periodic
Table. It belongs to Group II. Complete the following.
A neutral atom of strontium has:
a.) how many electrons? ________________
b.) how many shells (energy levels) of electrons? _____________
c.) How many electrons in its outer shell (energy level)? __________
Monday, September 12, 2016
8.) Boron has two types of atoms, shown below.
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Atom A
Atom B
a.) What is different about these 2 atoms?
b.) What name is given to atoms like these?
c.) Describe each atom in shorthand form, as in problem 3.).
_____
_____
____
_____
_____
____
d.) What is the mass number of atom A? ________
e.) Is Atom B heavier, or lighter, than Atom A? _________________
f.) Give the electron configuration for:
Atom A _______________
Atom B _______________
g.) Do two isotopes of the same element have the same electron
configuration? ________
Monday, September 12, 2016
9.) The two metals sodium (atomic number 11) and magnesium (atomic
number 12) are found next to each other in the Periodic Table.
a.) State whether each phrase is the same, or different, for their atoms:
i.) The number of energy levels. _________________
ii.) The number of outer (valence) electrons _____________
The relative atomic mass of sodium is 23.0.
The relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24.3.
b.) Which of the two elements may exist naturally as a single isotope?
Justify your answer.
10.) This diagram represents the electronic arrangement for a neutral atom of
an element. Each circle represents an energy level, n.
a.) Give the electron configuration for the atom. _______________
b.) What is special about this arrangement? _________________________
c.) Which group of the Periodic Table does the element belong to? ______
d.) Name the element. ____________________
e.) Name another element with the same number of outer-shell electrons in
its atoms. _______________________________
Monday, September 12, 2016
11.) Gallium exists naturally as a mixture of two nonradioactive isotopes,
gallium-69 and gallium-71. The proton (atomic ) number of gallium is 31.
a.) i.) How many neutrons are there in gallium-69? ___________
ii.) How many neutrons are there in gallium-71? __________
b.) If 64% of gallium atoms have 69 amu (atom mass units) and 36% have
71 amu, what is the atomic mass unit value for gallium as a whole?
12.) Describe the cathode ray experiment that Thomson conducted and the
importance of this experiment.
13.) Compare Rutherford’s hypothesis for the gold foil experiment with the
results that he observed. How did Rutherford explain his observations?
Monday, September 12, 2016
14.) From the following list of names:
Aristotle
Bohr
Chadwick
John Dalton
Democritus
Proust
Rutherford
J. J. Thomson
Identify the person most associated with each statement below. Some
names might be used more than once.
a.) ____________ Gold Foil Experiment
b.) ____________ Concept of electron shells
c.) ____________ In noticing the ratios of elements are always constant
for a given compound, concluded elements must be
composed of small, indivisible particles he called
atoms.
d.) ____________ Ancient Greek who proposed that matter can be broken
down an infinite number of times and still maintain its
properties.
e.) _____________ Electrons exist in an atom.
f.) ____________ Ancient Greek who proposed things are made of
discrete units called atomos.
g.) ____________ Cathode ray tube.
h.) ____________ Atom composed of a nucleus containing positive
charge.
i.) _____________ Neutrons are also present in the nucleus of an atom.
j.) ______________ Plum pudding model of an atom.
k.) _______________ Recognized alpha particles, beta particles, and
gamma rays.
l.) _______________ Law of constant composition.
Monday, September 12, 2016
15.) Planck made a proposal that seemed very strange. What was it?
16.) Why is Louis de Broglie’s proposal that all particles have wavelike
properties significant for small particles such as electrons but not
significant for large objects such as ourselves?
17.) What did Heisenberg propose to be uncertain in his Uncertainty Principle?
18.) What two elements in the first 30 elements have slight exceptions to the
Aufbau Principle for filling in electrons, and what is the explanation for
these exceptions?
19.) Draw diagonals that aid in the order for filling electrons when writing the
electron configurations for elements.
1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
7s
2p
3p
4p
5p
6p
7p
3d
4d 4f
5d 5f
6d 6f