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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
By; Angelique, Diego, Jeanette, Melanie
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
TWO SYSTEMS WITHIN A SYSTEM
Facts:

The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells
known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is
essentially the body's electrical wiring.

Structurally, the nervous system has two components. The center nervous
system and the peripheral nervous system . According to the central nervous
system it is made up of the brain,spinal cord and nerves. The peripheral nervous
system consists of sensory neurons, ganglia clusters of neurons and nerves that
connect to one another and to the central nervous system.
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The central nervous system works very close with
the peripheral nervous system. The sensory
neurons delivers information to the central
nervous system and the central nervous systems
responds by sending messages to various parts
of the body via motor neurons.
CEREBRUM
The main and most foremost
part of the mind in
vertebrates, situated in the
front zone of the skull and
comprising of two sides of
the equator, left and right,
isolated by a gap. It is in
charge of the integration of
complex tactile and neural
capacities and the start and
coordination of deliberate
movement in the body.
BRAIN STEM
Serves as brain’s warning system and sets
alertness levels.
-breathing
-blood pressure
-heartbeat
-swallowing
ULNAR NERVE
The ulnar nerve is one of the three
main nerves in your arm. It comes
from your neck down into your
hand, and can be constricted in
several places along the way.
Depending upon where it occurs,
this pressure on the nerve can
cause numbness or pain in your
elbow, hand, wrist, or fingers. The
ulnar nerve transmits electrical
signals to muscles in the forearm
and hand. The nerve is responsible
for sensation in the fourth and fifth
fingers of the hand, the palm, and
the underside of the forearm.
TEMPORAL LOBE
The Temporal Lobe is the auditory receptive area
and contains the Hippocampus, which is the region
where long-term memory is formed.
-memory
-speech
-hearing
-vision
-behavior
-emotions
FRONTAL LOBE
The Frontal Lobe deals with cognition and memory.
It also includes emotional traits.
-intelligence
-reasoning
-movement
-decision-making
-judgment
-mood
-planning
-personality
PARIETAL LOBE
The Parietal lobe plays a vital role in integrating
information from several senses. Also processes
partial orientation, some parts of speech and visual
perception.
-reading
-reasoning
-language
-telling right from left
-intelligence
OCCIPITAL LOBE
The Occipital Lobe is the visual processing center of
the brain. It contains most of what is referred to as
the visual cortex.
-vision
CEREBELLUM
The Cerebellum is located at the base of the brain.
The Cerebellum receives information from the
sensory systems and then regurgitates motor
movement.
-balance
-coordination
-fine motor control
THE SPINAL CORD
The spinal cord is a long, fragile tubelike structure that begins at the
end of the brain stem and continues down almost to the bottom of
the spine. The spinal cord consists of nerves that carry incoming
and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the
body. It is also the center for reflexes. Like the brain, the spinal cord
is covered by three layers of tissues. The spinal cord and meninges
are contained in the spinal canal, which runs through the center of
the spine.
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
A bundle of nerves that begins in the back of the base of the
neck and extends through the armpit. It is formed by the union
of portions of the fifth through eighth cervical spinal nerves and
the first thoracic spinal nerve. Damage to the brachial plexus
can affect nerves responsible for muscle function and sensation
of arm and chest .
INTERCOSTAL NERVES
The intercostal nerves are part of the
somatic nervous system, and arise from the
anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves
from T1 to T11. The intercostal nerves are
distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura
and abdominal peritoneum and differ
from the anterior rami of the other spinal
nerves in that each pursues an
independent course without plexus
formation.
RADIAL NERVE

A nerve that arises from the posterior cord
of the brachial plexus and divides into
two terminal branches, designated
superficial and deep, that supply
muscular and cutaneous branches to the
dorsal aspect of the arm and forearm.
MEDIAN NERVE
The median nerve is the only nerve that
passes through the carpal tunnel. Carpal
tunnel syndrome is the disability that results
from the median nerve being pressed in the
carpal tunnel.
LUMBAR PLEXUS
The lumbar plexus is a web of nerves (a nervous plexus) in
the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the
larger lumbosacral plexus. It is formed by the divisions of
the first four lumbar nerves and from contributions of the
subcostal nerve, which is the last thoracic nerve.
SACRAL PLEXUS
In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve
plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves
for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and
foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the
lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the
lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae.
DIGITAL NERVE
. A digital nerve is a nerve that supplies the sensation to pulp (the
part of the finger or thumb where the fingerprint is taken) and sides
of the finger. There are two such nerves to each finger and thumb
in the hand. Damage to this nerve reduces the sensation. If the
nerve is not repaired, you will have a permanent numb patch on
your finger, and there may be a tender area close to the scar.
SCIATIC NERVE
The sciatic nerve is the largest single nerve
in the human body; it runs from each side
of the lower spine through deep in the rear
and back of the thigh and all the way
down to the foot, connecting the spinal
cord with the leg and foot muscles.It
connects the spinal cord with the outside
of the thigh, the hamstring muscles in the
back of the thighs, and muscles in the
lower leg and feet. When the sciatic nerve
is impaired, it can lead to muscle
weakness and/or numbness or tingling in
the leg, ankle, foot, and/or toes.
COMMON PERNOEAL NERVE
The common peroneal nerve
branches from the sciatic nerve
within the knee region. The nerve
enables physical feeling and
movement of the lower legs, toes
and feet, which is why it is
considered to be notably
important. It binds around the ulnar
nerve and provides lifting,
stretching and motion abilities.
SUPERFICIAL PERNOEAL NERVE
A branch of the common peroneal
nerve that passes downward in front
of the fibula (the outer and thinner of
the two bones of the human leg,
extending from the knee to the
ankle) to supply the long and short
peroneal muscles and terminates in
the skin of the dorsum (the back, as
of the body) of the foot and of the
toes.
DISEASES THAT HAPPEN TO THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM

Parkinson's Disease

Alzheimer's

Transient Ischemic Attack

Multiple Sclerosis
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
A progressive disease of the nervous
system marked by tremor, muscular
rigidity, and slow imprecise
movement. Chiefly affecting middleaged and elderly people. It is
associated with degeneration of the
basal ganglia of the brain and a
deficiency of the neurotransmitter
dopamine.
ALZHEIMERS
Progressive mental
deterioration that can
occur in middle or old
age, due to generalized
denegration of the brain.
It is most common cause
of premature senility
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
Transient Ischemic Attack “Ischemia” was introduced previously in
the circulatory diseases module referring to the heart. It literally
means “not quite enough blood”. A short period of insufficient
blood supply to the brain can have the same signs and symptoms
as a stroke such as weakness in an arm, a partial loss of vision, but
the problem lasts less than 24 hours. People who get TIA’s are at
increased risk of having a stroke in the future.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Literally, “many hardenings,” MS is a
disease of unknown cause that
manifests as multiple hard plaques of
degeneration of the insulating layer
of nerve fibers in the central nervous
system. The loss of insulation allows
“short circuiting” of nerve impulses.
Depending upon where the
degeneration occurs, patients may
suffer paralysis, sensory disturbances
or blindness.
QUESTIONS

What are the four diseases that can happen to the nervous system?

Intercostal nerves are a part of what system in the nervous system ?

What is the largest nerve in the human body?

What is a fibula?
THE END