Download Blood Types

Blood Types
A B AB O
• Four major types of
blood .
• A, B, AB, and O.
• Inherited from parents.
• Determined by
presence or absence of
an ANTIGEN on the
surface of the red
blood cell
Antigens
• Blood protein
• Located on the surface
of the red blood cell.
• Either the person has it
or doesn’t have on the
blood cell.
• Someone with type A
blood have the A
antigen, Someone with
type B blood have the B
antigen, type AB has
both A and B antigen,
and type O has neither
of the antigens
Universal Donor
O
Universal Recipient AB
Antibody – a protein in
the plasma that will
inactivate a foreign
P substance that enters the
body
u
n • Someone with type A
n
blood has b antibodies
e • Someone with type B
t
blood has a antibodies
t • Someone with type AB
blood has no antibodies
s
q • Someone with type O
u
blood has a and b
a
antibodies.
r
e
Red Cells Also may Contain Rh factor
• If you have it, you’re Rh +
• If you don’t, you’re Rh –
• When an Rh- mother is pregnant with an
Rh+ baby, the baby’s blood (usually during
delivery) can mix with the mom’s blood,
causing the mom’s blood to make anti Rh
antibodies.
• If the mom gets pregnant again
with another Rh+ positive baby,
her anti Rh antibodies will
attack the baby’s blood, causing
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
• RHO Gam will destroy any
baby blood cells in the mom,
and her immune system won’t
produce antibodies.
• Cord blood has immunity
producing stem cells, is easy to
transplant, and does not cause
rejection That is why research
is being done on umbilical cord
blood.
Disorder of the Blood…
• Anemia
• Deficiency in number
or % of red blood
cells.
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Usually in women,
children and adolescents
• Deficiency of iron in the
diet causing insufficient
hemoglobin synthesis
• Treat with iron
supplements and green,
leafy vegetables
Polycythemia
•Too many red blood
cells are formed.
•May be a temporary
condition that occurs
at high altitude.
Aplastic Anemia
Bone marrow does not
produce enough red
and white blood cells
Caused by drugs or
radiation therapy
Sickle Cell Anemia
Chronic blood disease
inherited from both
parents
Causes the red cells to form
in abnormal sickle shape
Sickle cells break easily and
carry less oxygen
Occurs primarily in African
Americans
Treatment – blood
transfusion
Embolism
• Air, blood clot ,
cancer cells, fat, etc.
that is carried by the
bloodstream until it
reaches an artery too
small for passage
• Also known as a
“moving blood clot”
Thrombosis
• The formation of a
blood clot in a blood
vessel
• The blood clot is a
THROMBUS
Hematoma
• Localized clotted mass
of blood found in an
organ tissue or space.
• Caused by an injury
that can cause a blood
vessel to rupture.
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a cancer that
begins in plasma cells, a type of
white blood cell. These cells are
part of your immune system, which
helps protect the body from germs
and other harmful substances. In
time, myeloma cells collect in the
bone marrow and in the solid parts
of bones.
Doctors diagnose multiple myeloma
using lab tests, imaging tests, and a
bone marrow biopsy. Your treatment
depends on how advanced the disease
is and whether you have symptoms. If
you have no symptoms, you may not
need treatment right away. If you have
symptoms, you may have
chemotherapy, stem cell
transplantation, radiation, or targeted
therapy. Targeted therapy uses
substances that attack cancer cells
without harming normal cells.
Contusion
An injury in which the skin is not broken; a
bruise.
Hemophilia
• Hereditary
• Missing clotting factor
• Blood clots slow or
abnormally
• Sex linked – transmitted
genetically from mothers
to sons
• Treat with missing
clotting factor, avoid
trauma.
Thrombocytopenia
• Not enough platelets
• Blood will not clot
properly
Leukemia
• Malignant condition
• Overproduction of
immature white blood
cells
• Research on cord
blood.
Blood Typing Game
• http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/me
dicine/landsteiner/index.html
Test Your Gray Matter…
Why is research
being done on the
use of newborn
umbilical cord
blood?
Cord blood has
immunity producing
stem cells, is easy to
transplant, and does
not cause rejection
A pus filled cavity
that forms when
there is infection
below the epidermis
is a/an:
Abcess
What blood type is
considered to be the
universal recipient?
Blood type is
determined by the
presence or absence
of a blood protein
called a/an:
AB
Antigen
Mary has leukopenia
as a result of her
chemotherapy.
Marylyn’s :
White blood cell
count is low
Who would be a
candidate for Rho
Gam?
An Rh negative
mother
What would happen
if an Rh negative
person were given a
blood transfusion of
Rh positive blood?
He/she would
develop Rh
antibodies
What is the medical
term for hemolytic
disease of the
newborn?
Erthroblastosis
fetalis
A deficiency in the number of Which of the following blood
red blood cells is called:
disorders is inherited from
both parents?
Anemia
What is a hereditary disease
in which the blood clots
slowly or abnormally?
Hemophilia
Sickle cell anemia
Jake has a hematoma on
his leg. What most likely
caused it?