Download Syllabus 2011-2012

BIOG 115: Body Structure & Function
2011-2012
Instructor: Holly K. Sofia, B.S., M.T., B.Ed. e-mail : [email protected] (440) 774-1051ext.2508
Textbook: Delmar’s Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology by Donald C. Rizzo, Third
Edition, 2010
Course objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Describe gross anatomy of the human body and body organ systems.
Describe the basic physiology associated with body organ systems.
Contrast normal function with abnormal function of body processes.
Gain knowledge necessary to enhance the understanding of disease conditions.
Use appropriate terminology to describe location of body structures to the body and to
one another.
6. Discuss the interdependency of body systems as an influence on the proper functioning of
the body.
7. Become aware of how to treat the human body to keep it healthy and promote a longer
and richer life.
Attendance:
Class attendance for lectures is required, and is highly recommended. The material which
will be on the exams will be covered in the lecture and some may not be found in the textbook.
Attendance is required for all exams.
There will be no make-up exams given, except under extenuating circumstances, as to be
determined by the instructor. If you are unable to attend class on an exam day, contact the
instructor, preferably before the exam, but no later than 24 hours after the exam, if you want to
be considered for making up the missed points; otherwise you will receive a zero for the exam
points. If I am not in my office when you call, leave a message on my voicemail.
Cheating is inappropriate behavior for anyone, especially those in the medical profession, and
will not be tolerated in this class. If you are caught cheating (supplying or receiving answers),
your exam will be destroyed, and you will receive a zero for that exam. This score will not be
replaced by your score on the midterm or final exams.
Grading:
HW/Assignments
Anatomy practicals
Exams - lecture
Case studies
Comprehensive final exam
10%
15%
50%
5%
20%
100%
A:
B:
C:
D:
F:
(100-90%)
(89-80%)
(79-70%)
(69-60%)
(<60%)
Each of the Exams will consist of 30-60 multiple choice questions covering the material from the
previous lectures of that unit. Distribution of questions for the material covered will be given to
you prior to each exam. The cumulative final will consist of 100 multiple choice questions
covering material from the entire semester.
Case Studies:
The case studies will be exercises in critical thinking and presented in a “story” format or as
questions – be sure to focus on the question; do not fill the space with a lot of random facts that
do not pertain (and don’t write more than a few paragraphs). Responses are to be in your own
words in written form (no cutting or pasting from the internet). These will be distributed
randomly throughout the semester.
Student needs:
Students who have been identified by the Office of Special Needs must notify the instructor
of any special instructions for learning that have been determined by that office. Every effort
will be made to provide Special Needs students with these considerations.
Many students find it beneficial to tape the lectures. That is fine. Some also find it helpful
to create study cards to prepare for the exams. Others prefer to summarize their notes into a
more compact version for studying. Some students find it helpful to find a study partner. See
what works best for you. Many of you will be proceeding onto clinical programs later in your
career training. The material that you learn in this course will be a necessary building block for
your future clinical classes. This course will be time-consuming but well worth the time and
effort you spend on it. I'm sure that you will find the study of the body a fascinating subject.
LCCC Credit
In order to earn articulated LCCC college credit, the following conditions must be met:
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
A final grade of “C” (70% or higher) is required.
You must complete both years of the AHS program
must utilize the credit within 2 years of high school graduation (this
is standard across all agreements, as course content changes)
TOPICAL OUTLINE: (COMMON CORE TOPICS)
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Homeostasis
Cells, tissues and membranes transport
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular System: blood, heart, and vasculature
Lymphatic system and immunity
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
COURSE OUTCOMES & ASSESSMENT:
Outcomes
(Tools, Methods, and Expected Results)
Assessment Method(s) *Most courses will address
all three domains. In the instance when only two domains
are addressed, include a justification in the Division cover
letter.
1. Cognitive/Knowledge
Describe the gross anatomy of the human body
systems.
2. Cognitive/Knowledge
Describe the basic physiological processes
associated with the human body systems.
3. Cognitive/Knowledge
Predict the effect of disease on the normal
functioning of the body.
4. Cognitive/Knowledge
Summarize the interaction between body organ
systems.
Item analysis of selected anatomy quiz
questions which require the identification of
anatomical structures with expected student
performance level of 70% or higher.
Item analysis of selected exam questions
which require understanding of organ system
physiology with expected student performance
level of 70% or higher.
Item analysis of situation-based exam
questions, group activities, or homework
assignments which require understanding of
normal function and disease with expected
student performance level of 70% or higher.
Rubric analysis of case study exercises with
expected student performance level of 70% or
higher
Item analysis of situation-based exam
questions, group activities, or homework
assignments which require understanding of
body structure and function in health and with
disease with expected student performance
level of 70% or higher.
5. Psychomotor/Skills
Operate computer components to investigate
structure of the human body.
6. Affective/Disposition
Identify activities that promote health and a
longer and richer life.
Item analysis of selected quiz questions
related to on-line exercises with expected
student performance level of 70% or higher.
Rubric analysis of on-line case study exercises
with expected student performance level of
70% or higher
Item analysis of situation-based exam
questions, group activities, or homework
assignments which require understanding of
the effects of internal and external factors on
health with expected student performance
level of 70% or higher.
GENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENT: OUTCOMES AND ASSESSMENT
Core course outcomes:
C1: English: Demonstrate logical organization, coherent thinking, and precision in writing.
C2: Mathematics: Utilize college mathematics to solve problems.
C3: Natural Science: Apply scientific concepts and methods of inquiry.
C4: Social Science: Apply concepts, principles and methods of inquiry in the social sciences.
C5: Humanities: Examine the nature of human expression and/or artistic creativity.
Infused outcomes:
In1: Critical Thinking: Employ critical thinking skills in addressing issues and problems.
In2: Communication: Demonstrate competence in verbal and nonverbal communication.
In3: Diversity: Analyze the role of diversity in the development of the individual, the community, and the global society.
In4: Ethics: Apply personal, professional, social and civic values.
In5: Health: Identify behaviors that promote health of the individual.
General Education Outcomes
C3: Natural Science: Apply
scientific concepts and methods of inquiry.
Natural Science core course
In1: Critical Thinking: Employ critical
thinking skills in addressing issues and
problems.
In5: Health: Identify behaviors that promote
health of the individual.
Corresponding Course Outcomes
#2-4
#3 and 6
#3 and 6
SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD(S) AND TECHNIQUE(S):
Classroom lecture and discussion, group activities, online anatomy exercises and analysis of
case scenarios.
LECTURE AND EXAM SCHEDULE
Week
Lecture topic
Text reference
1
Terminology/body organization
Cells
Chapters 1
Chapter 3 & 2 (p. 3034 only)
2
Tissues
Skin (Integumentary system)
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Con’t Skin, Oncology
Exam I: Chap 1,2,3,5,6
Begin Skeletal system
Chapter 6
Skeletal system
Exam IIA: Chap 7&8
Begin Muscular system
Chapter 7&8
5
Muscular System, Con’t
Exam IIB: Chap 9
Nervous system
Chapter 9
6
Nervous system, cont.
Special senses
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
7
Special senses
Exam III: Chap 10&11
Chapter 11
8
Blood
Chapter 13
9
Blood
Cardiovascular system
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
10
Lymphatic system
Exam IV: Chap 13, 14, 15
Chapter 15
11
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
12
Fluid/electrolyte/acid-base balance
Exam V: Chap 17,18, notes
Class notes
13
Digestive system
Nutrition
Chapter 16
Class notes, HCST
Text, Chap 8
14
Exam VI: Chap 16, Nutrition, notes
3
4
Endocrine System
Reproductive system/fetal development
Cumulative final exam
Chapters 7&8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 12
Chapter 19
Directions of the body:
Inferior
Superior
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Planes:
Sagittal
Midsagittal
Horizontal/transverse
Frontal/coronal
Cavities:
Dorsal cavity
Cranial
Spinal
Thoracic
Pericardial
Pleural
Mediastinum
Abdominopelvic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Regions
hypochondriac (2)
epigastric
lumbar (2)
umbilical
inguinal (iliac) (2)
hypogastric
Integumentary system:
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
Hair shaft, root, follicle
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Arrector pili muscle
Papilla
Nail matrix
Eponychium
lunula
Cells:
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
ribosomes
nucleolus
vacuoles
cilia
flagella
Tissues:
connective
Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
dense: tendons, ligaments,
Specialized:
cartilage
(chondrocytes)
blood cells :
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes,
eosinophils, basophils
Red Blood cells, platelets
Bone
(osteocytes)
Muscle
smooth
striated (skeletal)
cardiac
Intercalated discs
Nervous
Epithelial
Squamous
cuboidal
columnar
simple
stratified
transitional
Skeletal system
X-section of bone structure ( periosteum,
marrow, diaphysis, medullary cavity, osteon,
epiphysis, Haversian vessels, Volkman
canals)
Frontal bone
*Frontal sinus
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
External auditory meatus
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Jugular foramen
Carotid canal
Ossicles (Incus, Malleus & Stapes)
Occipital bone
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Sphenoid bone
*Sphenoid sinus
Sella turcica
Pterygoid processes
Ethmoid bone
*Ethmoid sinuses
Superior nasal septum
(perpendicular plate)
Crista gali
nasal conchae
Vomer
Zygomatic bone
Zygomatic arch
Maxilla
*Maxillary sinuses
Infraorbital foramen
Anterior hard palate
Incisive foramen
Anterior nasal spine
Palatine bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Mandible
Mandibular foramen
Mental foramen
Coronoid process
Ramus
Angle
Body
Hyoid bone
* understand sinuses exist, but you do
not need to ID on a model
Vertebra
spinous process
Transverse processes
Cervical
Atlas
Axis
Dens
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Sternum
Manubrium
Gladiolus
Xiphoid Process
Ribs
Costal cartilages
Clavicle
Scapula
Glenoid fossa
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Scapular spine
Humerus
Greater tubercle
Head of humerus
Radius
Ulna
Olecranon
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Ilium
Iliac crest
Pubis
Pubic symphysis
Ischium
Acetabulum
Femur
Head
Neck
Greater trochanter
Tibia
Medial malleolus
Fibula
Lateral malleolus
Patella
Tarsals
Talus
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
Phalanges
For practical know: articular movements at
synovial joints : ( abduction, adduction,
hyperextension, flexion, extension,
circumduction, pronation, supination,
protraction, retraction, depression, elevation,
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion,
inversion, etc)
Muscles
Diaphragm
Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Temporalis
Levator labii
Zygomaticus major
Buccinator
Risorius
Depressor labii
Orbicularis oris
Mentalis
Masseter
Platysma
Occipitalis
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Erector spinae muscles
Rotator Cuff muscles:
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Latissimus dorsi
Intercostal muscles
Deltoid
Levator scapulae
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Brachialis
*Wrist and finger extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor retinaculum
*Wrist and finger flexors
Brachioradialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum longus
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas)
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Adductor group
(Gracilis and Adductors)
- longus
- magnus
- brevis
Quadriceps group
(Vastus lateralis, V. intermedius,
V. medialis and Rectus femoris)
Hamstring group
(Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus,
and Semimembranosus)
Sartorius
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Achilles tendon
Soleus
* Know they exist, not on models
Know movements: adduction, pronation,
flexion, abduction,etc
Nervous system
Meninges (Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia
Mater)
Cerebrum – lobes (frontal, temporal,
occipital, parietal)
Cerebellum
Arbor vitae
Corpus callosum
Logitudinal fissure
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Insula
Spinal cord
Intercostal nerves
4 Nerve plexuses:
1)Cervical
Phrenic nerve
2)Brachial
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
3)Lumbar
Sciatic nerve
4)Sacral
Femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve
Cranial nerves
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Ophthalmic branch (V1)
Maxillary branch (V2)
Mandibular branch (V3)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Parts of the neuron:
Nucleus
Axon
Dendrite
Myelin sheath
Synaptic knobs
Efferent
Afferent
Cell body
Axon terminals
Synapse
Nodes of Ranvier
Schwann cells
Sensory organs
Eye
Bony orbit
Lacrimal gland
Extrinsic eye muscles
Cornea
Sclera
Choroid
Lens
Iris
Pupil
Ciliary body
Retina
Optic disk
Optic nerve
Vitreous humor
Aqueous humor
Macula lutea (fovea centralis is the
depression)
Ear
Pinna (auricle)
External auditory canal
Tympanic membrane
Ear ossicles (malleus, Incus, Stapes)
Eustachian tube
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Cardiovascular system
Pericardial sac
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
Left atrium
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonic valve
Aorta
Pulmonary artery (trunk)
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Pulmonary veins
Brachiocephalic a/v
Left subclavian artery
Left Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Ophthalmic artery
External carotid artery
Facial a/v
Maxillary a/v
Jugular vein
Retromandibular vein
Subclavian a/v
Vertebral artery
Basilar artery
Axillary a/v
Brachial a/v
Radial a/v
Ulnar a/v
Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
Accessory cephalic vein
Median cubital vein
Celiac artery (trunk)
Superior mesenteric a.
Renal a/v
Inferior mesenteric a.
Hepatic-portal vein
Common iliac a/v
Internal iliac a/v
External iliac a/v
Femoral a/v
Popliteal a/v
Anterior tibial a/v
Posterior tibial a/v
Great saphenous vein
Layers in blood vessels:
Tunica intima (or interna)
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia (or externa)
Lymphatic system
Tonsils
Pharyngeal ("adenoids") tonsils
Palatine ("tonsils") tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
Blood
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
White blood cells (Leukocytes)
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Digestive system
Tooth:
Crown
Dentin
Pulp cavity
Root canal
Cementum
Apical foramen
Oral cavity
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Gingiva
Hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula
Tongue
Salivary glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Pharynx
Esophagus
Gastroesophageal ( or
esophageal)sphincter
Stomach
Fundus
Body of the stomach
Pylorus/antrum
Pyloric sphincter
Small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Large intestine
Appendix
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus
Liver
Falciform ligament (not on practical)
Common hepatic duct
Hepatic portal vein
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Respiratory system
External nares
Nasal cavity
Nasal conchae
Nasal septum
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Vocal cords
Trachea
Bronchus
Lung
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Hyoid bone
Urinary system
Kidney
Nephron
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Major calyces
Minor calyces
Renal pelvis
Renal Pyramid
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Endocrine system
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Anterior lobe (not on practical)
Posterior lobe (not on practical)
Thyroid gland
Thymus gland
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Cortex (not on practical)
Medulla (not on practical)
Pancreas
Ovary
Testis (testicle)
Reproductive system
Male
Scrotum
Testis (testicle)
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymus
Vas deferens (ductus deferens)
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Ejaculatory duct
Bulbourethral
(Cowper's) gland
Urethra
Penis
Glans
Prepuce (foreskin)
Female
Mons pubis
Ovary
Fallopian tube (oviduct)
infundibulum
Uterus
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
Cervix
External os
Vagina
Labia
majora
minora
Clitoris
Suspensory ligament