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Chapter 22 Vocabulary for ISN Please glue the TERMS to the page! Match the term with the definition and use the definition as a flap OVER the term. includes radio waves, visible light, gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet light, infrared waves, and microwaves. Forms of these differ in their frequencies. an optical telescope that uses light and a concave mirror to produce magnified images. used to study radio waves that travel through space. Because the waves they measure pass freely through Earth’s atmosphere, these telescopes are usually useful 24 hours a day. the first artificial satellite launched in 1957 the former Soviet Union the number of wave crests that pass a given point per unit of time. a building which often has a roof that can be opened for viewing and usually contains an optical telescope. 300,000 km/s. when a computer helps correct poor images by adjusting for changes in mirror distortions, changes in temp, and bad viewing conditions. an optical telescope that uses light and convex lenses to produce magnified images. when a laser is used to probe the atmosphere and relay information to a computer about air turbulence. The computer then adjusts the telescope’s mirror thousands of times a second to make images clearer the curved a special motor any object that path that a that doesn’t revolves around satellite follows require air. another object in an orbit. gathers and transmits information to Earth . Some of these unoccupied crafts have travelled to the edge of the solar system. the name of the first step in the U.S. program to reach the Moon first U.S. citizen in space (in 1961) twin, reflecting telescopes located on Mauna Kea in Hawaii that can be used together to more than double their ability to distinguish objects. a reusable spacecraft for transporting people, satellites, and other materials to and from space. electromagnetic radiation arranged by wavelength where light that is bent by the lens or reflected by the mirror comes together to form an image the first U.S. citizen to orbit Earth (in 1962) permanent places in space for humans to live and work located outside Earth’s atmosphere. This expensive piece of equipment was originally launched with a mistake in shaping its largest mirror. Once the mistake was repaired in 1999, it sent back images of a large cluster of galaxies. another name for the North Star, it can be used with an astrolabe to determine your position on Earth. the second step in the Moon race. In this project, teams of astronauts met and connected with orbiting spacecraft and studied the effects of space travel on humans. a space probe that explored Saturn and its largest moon, Titan. the first human to set foot on the Moon a Soviet cosmonaut who was the first human in space. the name of the final step in the U.S. program to land people on the Moon. mapped the Moon’s structure and composition. Because no material was thrown up when this was ordered to crash, more studies were needed to see if water existed in craters at the Moon’s poles. A Martian probe that descended to the surface using rockets and a parachute system to slow its descent. Large balloons absorbed the shock of the landing. It carried a remote controlled robot rover called Sojourner. a system of satellites, computers, and receivers that are able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating time differences. refracting telescope Frequency adaptive optics space probe observatory active optics Project Mercury rocket Alan B. Shepard reflecting telescope satellite radio telescope orbit speed of light Electromagnetic radiation. Sputnik I the space probe Cassini space shuttle GPS, or Global Positioning System Neil Armstrong Lunar Prospector space station Project Gemini John Glenn Project Apollo Keck telescopes Hubble Space Telescope focal point Yuri Gagarin Pathfinder electromagnetic Polaris spectrum