Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Anatomy 103 OSCE Landmark About Ligaments Muscles To palpate Medial Border of Scapula • boney ridge on the scapula (flat bone)- medial bony ridge • superior- superior angle of the scapula and inferiorinferior angle of the scapula • root of the spine of the scapula on the medial border • site of muscle attachment • medial: spine • lateral: fossa- infra/supraspinous fossas, spine of the scapula • superior: neck musculature • rhomboid major & minor • levator scapula • serratus anterior • prone- place hand in the small of the back to pop up scapula Inferior Angle of the Scapula • boney corner of the scapula • created by medial and lateral borders of the scapula • superior: infraspinous fossa • inferior: ribs/back musculature • medial: spine/musculature * latissimus doris • prone- place hand in the small of the back to pop up scapula • activate: lat resist arm pull into butt Lateral Border of the Scapula • boney lateral ridge of the scapula • created by inferior angle and lateral angle of the scapula • site of muscle attachment • superior: superior angle • inferior: inferior angle • medial: fossa • lateral GH • teres major • teres minor • arm at 90°- prone • activate: teres major/minor of internal/external rotation Spine of the Scapula • boney ridge across the scapula • root at the medial border of the scapula to the acromion process of the scapula (laterally) • divides supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa • site of muscle attachment • middle/lower trapezius • posterior deltoid • activates posterior deltoid- resist horizontal cross extension Coracoid Process of the Scapula • finger like projection- projecting forward • site of attachment • superior: AC joint • inferior: chest musculature • coraco-acromial ligament • coraco-clavicular ligament (conoid & trapizoid) • coracobrachialis • pectoralis minor • short head of biceps brachii • active pec minor w cross pec fly Acromion Process of the Scapula • boney end of the spine of scapula (lateral) • articulates with the clavicle anteriorly to create the AC joint • medial: clavicle • lateral: GH joint • acromioclavicula r ligament & joint capsule • upper trapezius • mid deltoid • active: upper trap w shoulder shrug Humerus • long bone of the upper arm • articulates proximally with glenoid fossa of the scapula • distal end articulates with olecranon fossa • coracohumeral ligament • capsular ligament • coracobrachialis • brachialis • triceps brachii • activate: tricepsresist extension Bicipital Groove Intertubercular Sulcus • groove btw greater & lesser tubercle of the humerus • houses the LH biceps tendon • superficial: deltoids • Pectoralis Major (lateral lip) • latissimus dorsi (medial lip) • teres major (medial lip) • activate: internal/ external rotation of the humerus Greater Tubercle • located on the proximal end/head of the humerus • bony projection • paired with the more medial lesser tubercle • bicipital groove btw tubercles • superficial: deltoids • site of muscle attachment • supraspinatus • infraspinatus • internal/external rotation Landmark About Lesser Tubercle • located on the proximal end/head of the humerus • bony projection • paired with the more lateral greater tubercle • bicipital groove btw tubercles • superficial: deltoids • site of muscle attachment Lateral Epicondyle * boney projection on the lateral/distal end of the humerus * superior: lateral supracondylar ridge * inferior: radius * medial: olecranon & fossa * site of muscle/tendon attachment Lateral Supracondylar Ridge • bony ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle • site of muscle attachment Medial Epicondyle • bony projection on the medial/distal humerus • superior: medial supracondylar ridge • inferior: ulna • lateral: olecranon & fossa • site for muscle/tendon attachment • medial: ulnar nerve- tinels at the elbow Radius Ligaments Muscles To palpate • subscapularis • internal/external rotation • anconeus • supinator • common extensor tendon: • extensor carpi radialis brevis • extensor carpi ulnaris • extensor digitorum • extensor digiti minimi • activate: extensors • palpate down the humerus to the epicondyle • brachioradialis • extensor carpi radialis longus • find lateral epicondyle and come superior • activate bracioradialis • medial collateral ligament • pronator teres • flexor pollicis longus • common flexor tendon: • flexor carpi radialis • palmaris longus • flexor carpi ulnaris • flexor digitorum superficialis • activate: flexors • long bone located on the forearm- lateral bone • articulates with the ulna proximally and distallyradioulnar joints • radiocarpal joint (the wrist); radius articulates w scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium • has a tuberosity at proximal end- medial • has head, tuberosity, shaft, and styloid process at distal end- articulates with ulna and carpal bones (scaphoid & lunate) • does not articulate w carpal bones • ulnar notch- distally • annular ligament • interosseous membrane • oblique cord • palmar/dorsal radiulnar ligaments • wrist: radial collateral • palmar radiocarpal (volar) • dorsal radiocarpal * tuberosity: biceps brachii * posterior: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis • activate: biceps brachii Ulna * long bone located on the forearm, parallel with radius- longer than the radius * olecranon process at proximal end- w fossaarticulates with the humerus to create the hinge elbow joint * coronoid process inferior to olecranon fossa, shaft, and small styloid process at the distal endarticulates w the radius * medial forearm bone * proximal end: articulates w * distal end: articulates w radius • ulnar collateral ligaments • palmar/dorsal radioulnar ligaments • wrist: ulnar collateral • palmar ulnocarpal (volar) • cornoid process: flexor pollicis longus • tuberosity: brachilais flexor digitorum profundus * posterior: abductor pollicis longus • start proximal and run distal Flexor Reintaculum • band of tissue laying over top of the carpal tunnel • distal radioulnar joint/proximal row of carpal bones • creates the top of the carpal tunnel over the carpal bones- contains the flexor tendons • not contractile • abductor pollicis brevis • flexor pollicis brevis • flexor digiti minimi • opponens digiti minimi • palmaris brevis • not contractile • palpate from DRUJ to the carpal bones • radial collateral ligament Landmark About Ligaments Muscles To palpate Interosseous membrane • membrane creating the middle joint btw the radius/ ulna- from proximal to distal • has holes for nerve/artery supply to pass through • connects the two bones along their entire length by this flat, flexible ligament • abductor pollicis longus • extensor pollicis brevis • extensor pollicis longus • flexor digitorum profundus • no contractile • activate: flexors (elbow bent) Dorsal Digital Expansion • fibrous aponeurotic expansion of the distal attachment of the extensor digitorum muscle on the fingers that serves as a moveable hood of tissue when the fingers flex & extend • begins on dorsal/lateral/medial side of proximal phalanx of each finger- attaches onto dorsal side of the middle & distal phalanges • any muscle that attaches into it can create extension of these phalanges at the IP joints • extensor pollicis longus • extensor digiti minimi • extensor digitorum • extensor indicis • abductor pollicis brevis • abductor digiti minimi • adductor pollicis activate: extensors Scaphoid • in 1st row of carpal bones • articulates with lunate/trapezium • can be fx • helps create the anatomical snuff box- floor • abductor pollicis brevis • anatomical snuff box-palpate the floor Trapezium • carpal bone in the distal row • superior to the scaphoid • flexor pollicis brevis • opponens pollicis • find scaphoid and come superior Pisiform • pea size bone on top of the triquetrium • tunnel of gyuon btw pisiform & hook of hamatecontains the ulnar nerve • abductor digiti minimi • find triquetriumcome onto pisiform Hook of Hamate • located on the hamate • creates the tunnel of gyuon w the pisform- contains the ulnar nerve • flexor digiti minimi • opponens digiti minimi • find pisform followed by hamate 1st MTC • thumb- shortest, most mobile • occupies more anterior position • joint btw 1st MT & trapezium unique saddle joint that allows for opposition • articulates w the trapezium, proximal phalanx • small long bone - base articulates with the carpals proximally and each other medially and laterally • heads articulate w proximal phalanx • making a fist- the heads of the MTC become prominent as your knuckles • abductor pollicis longus • opponens pollicis • dorsal interossei • find carpal rows and come distally 2nd MTC • index finger • articulates w trapezoid, capitate, & 3rd MTC, proximal phalanx • adductor pollicis • lumbricals • palmar interossei • dorsal interossei 3rd MTC • middle finger • articulates with capitate, & 2/4th MTC, proximal phalanx • adductor pollicis • lumbricals • dorsal interossei 4th MTC • ring finger • articulates w hamate, 3/5th MTC, proximal phalanx • lumbricals • palmar interossei • dorsal interossei 5th MTC • pinkie finger • articulates w hamate, 4th MTC, proximal phalanx • abductor digiti minimi • flexor digiti minimi • lumbricals • palmar interossei • dorsal interossei • dorsal & palmar & interosseous ligaments