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10/1/2014 Geography ● Huang He (Yellow River)– 2900 miles from Mongolia to Pacific; carries silt ● Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) – 3400 miles to the Yellow Sea Only 10% arable land (19% US); most land has mts or deserts ● CHAPTER 3, SECTION 3 These barriers kept other from reaching China ● Early Chinese Civilizations ● Northern border was volitile Emperor Qin’s 7000 terra cotta warriors CHINESE DYNASTIES 1) XIA DYNASTY (2017-1600 BC) ● was first dynasty, but little is known about it 2) SHANG DYNASTY (1750-1122 BC) ● ● ● ● ● ● Ruled by aristocracy, divided into territories governed by military leaders Used oracle bones to “communicate” with gods Veneration of ancestors: replicas of furniture, foods, etc were burned so they could “travel” with the dead; ancestors could help or hurt future generations known for their bronze sculptures Last ruler was a “wicked tyrant who swam in ponds of wine and commissioned lustful music” that led to moral decline 3) ZHOU DYNASTY (1045 – 256 BC) ● Longest dynasty ● Introduced Mandate of Heaven ● ● ● ● king was ruling for heaven; chosen by heaven b/c of talent & virtue King was responsible to keep order according to the Dao (or Tao), or “way”; if the king failed to please the gods, they would send a message to the people (plague, flood, bad harvest, etc) to show displeasure Set up ideas that (1) king was not divine, and (2) ppl had right/duty to overthrow bad ruler Closely linked to pattern of Dynastic Cycle 1 10/1/2014 ● Used serfdom ● ● Peasants worked on lands owned by a lord w/a small plot of their own; merchants and artisans lived in walled cities controlled by a lord Farming increased with the use of the iron plow; more food led to increase in population ● Also caused increase in trade, especially silk Women Creating Silk cloth Family was very central in China – represented society as a whole ● Filial piety – duty of the members of the family to put their desires aside and fulfill needs & desires of head of the family; every family member has a place ● Male dominated society – worked in fields, held political office, were priests; women took care of homes, raised children ● ● Language was primarily pictographs (pictures to represent words) & ideograms (two or more pictograms to represent an idea) ● Unlike many languages, Chinese alphabet did not stray far from the original pictograms sun Pictograph Ideogram ↑ 瑪麗安高中,家裡的騎士! Some women did have political influence ● (Marian High School, home of the Knights!) W ORKS CITED ● 403 BC – China entered “Period of Warring States” ● Used iron weapon, infantry and cavalry, crossbows ● http://www.china-mike.com/china-travel-tips/tourist-maps/china-physical-map/ ● http://www.ssat-inet.net/en-gb/countrynetworks/china/pages/china.aspx ● http://ekhbary.net/china/ ● ● http://www.igougo.com/journal-j67668-Henan_ProvinceAnyang_First_Capital_of_China.html ● http://www.gov.cn/english/2006-07/13/content_335174_3.htm ● http://history.cultural-china.com/en/51H2941H11097.html ● ● ↑ hole containing vehicles and horse bones from the Eastern Zhou dynasty (770 BC-221 BC http://www.google.com/imgres?q=terra+cotta+warriors&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&t bnid=Kj2tJqTqWT57zM:&imgrefurl=http://members.fortunecity.com/alberteinstein/e %3Dmc2/world%27s_wonders/terracotta_warriors.htm&docid=Cp26Ohbwj7go7M& w=383&h=240&ei=I5J_TtGqBMOLsgKnyqEq&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=1055&vpy=3 50&dur=2425&hovh=178&hovw=284&tx=142&ty=121&page=3&tbnh=139&tbnw=2 04&start=65&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:13,s:65&biw=1680&bih=827 ● http://www.globaltimes.cn/NEWS/tabid/99/ID/661669/China-Culture-Journey-YinRuins-Museum.aspx http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/goldenages/china.cfm http://www.impactlab.net/2006/08/17/vehicles-and-horse-bones-from-ancientchina/ ● http://records.photodharma.net/culture/the-history-and-production-of-silk ● http://bamboochutes.wordpress.com/2010/11/ ● http://www.chinese-symbols.com/e-chinese-symbol-forearth%20(five%20elements) http://history.cultural-china.com/en/183History6970.html 2