Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name: _______________________ Top Twelve Diagrams 1) Celestial Sphere Label the following on the celestial sphere diagram: • Zenith • Horizon • Compass directions • Location of Polaris (this observer is in New York State) • Path of the Sun on June 21st, Dec 21st, and the Equinoxes • Sunrise on Dec 21st • Sunset on June 21st • Noon sun on March 21st • Path of the sun for Feb 21st Which day has the longest duration of insolation? _______________ Which day will have the lowest angle of insolation? _______________ What latitudes are the observer and his dog at? ______________ ____________ On which day of the year was this path observed? (1) March 21 (3) September 21 (2) June 21 (4) December 21 2) Phases of the Moon Label the following on the Phases of the Moon diagram: • New Moon • Full Moon • Solar Eclipse • Lunar Eclipse • Waxing • Waning • The phase at position 1 How long does it take for the Moon to complete one cycle of phases? _______________ Why do we see phases of the Moon? ______________________________________________________ Why doesn’t an eclipse happen at every new and full moon? ______________________________________________________ What phase is the moon in during a lunar eclipse? _______________ What phase is the moon in during a solar eclipse? _______________ List the two phases the moon is in during a spring tide? _______________ List the two phases the moon is in during a neap tide? ________________ 3) Orographic Effect Label the following on the Orographic Effect diagram: • Windward side • Leeward side • Expanding air • Sinking air • Rising air • Contracting air • Wet side • Dry Side • Draw clouds in the appropriate location Why does the air on the windward side of the mountain rise? _________________________________________________________ Why is a desert usually found on the leeward side of the mountain range? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Desribe why clouds form on the windward side of the mountain. _________________________________________________________ 4) Low Pressure System and Fronts Y X Label the following on the Weather map: • mT air mass • cP air mass • Cold front • Warm front Draw an arrow on the map, showing the direction this low pressure system is moving. What is the air temperature of the station model that most recently experienced heavy rains for a short period of time? __________________ Describe how the winds in this low pressure system circulate. _________________________________________________________ Circle the diagram that illustrates the weather conditions from X to Y. 5) Elliptical Orbits • Calculate the eccentricity of the orbit above. • Compare the eccentricity of this orbit to Earth’s orbit. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ • Assume F2 is the Sun: Place an F on the orbit where the planet would be moving the fastest. Place a W on the orbit where the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Sun would be weakest. 6) Earth’s Orbit Label the following for • Winter Solstice • Autumnal Equinox • September 23rd the Northern Hemisphere on Earth’s orbit: • Summer Solstice • Vernal Equinox st • Dec 21 • June 21st • March 21st Where is the Sun’s apparent diameter the greatest? _____ How do you know? __________________________________________ Where is the Earth’s velocity the greatest? ______ How do you know? __________________________________________ What latitudes do the direct rays of the Sun strike on the: Winter Solstice: ______________ Summer Solstice: _____________ Equinoxes: ________________ Diagram A What season is shown for the Northern Hemisphere in Diagram A? ____________ What season is shown for the Southern Hemisphere in Diagram A? ____________ 7) Streams and Meanders At which letter is erosion greatest? _____________ At which letter is deposition greatest? ____________ At which letter is the velocity of the stream the greatest? ___________ At which letter is the velocity of the stream the least? ____________ If this stream is moving at a velocity of 150 cm/sec, what size sediments is it able to transport? ______________ Stream Profile Circle the stream profile below that matches with the letters X-Y on the diagram to the left. 8) Greenhouse Effect Sketch a picture of what happens to the Sun’s energy as it enters the greenhouse, is absorbed by Earth’s surface and reradiated back. Define insolation: ___________________________________________ Describe the temperature in the greenhouse. _______________________ What gases in Earth’s atmosphere act like the glass on the greenhouse? _________________________________________________________ Which planet in our solar system is hottest due to a runaway greenhouse effect? ____________________ What can we do to slow down the greenhouse effect on Earth and stop global warming? ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 9) Sea Breeze and Land Breeze Fill in the spaces in the diagram above with the words High or Low for Air Pressure and Hot or Cold for Temperature. Does this picture show a Sea Breeze or a Land Breeze? _______________ Describe how you know. _______________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Describe why the air over the ocean is rising. _______________________ Describe why the air over the land is sinking. _______________________ What is the name given to the air currents that are shown in the picture above. __________________________________ A Sea Breeze is the total opposite of a Land Breeze. Sketch a Sea Breeze. 10) Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake 1. How many seismic stations are needed to find the epicenter of an earthquake? _______________ The following is a seismogram from New Orleans. 2. Fill in the data table using your ESRT. Arrival of P wave 2:34:00 2:36:00 Arrival of S wave 2:38:00 2:40:00 Arrival Time P wave Arrival Time S Wave Difference in arrival times (hr. min. sec) (hr. min. sec) (hr. min. sec) Distance to epicenter (km) 02:39:10 3. Using the distance you just calculated, draw a circle with your starting point as New Orleans on the map using a safety compass. Your circle may go off of the map. 4. Use your ESRT to calculate the estimated Time or Origin of the Earthquake. Fill this information into the data table below. P wave travel time Time of Origin (hr. min. sec) (hr. min. sec) 5. Circle the point on the map where the epicenter of the earthquake is, and label it. 11) Doppler Effect: The Red Shift 1. The red shift of visible light waves that is observed by astronomers on Earth is used to determine the (1) sizes of nearby galaxies (2) relative motions of distant galaxies (3) densities of the planets (4) rotation periods of the planets 2. In a Doppler red shift, the observed wavelengths of light from distant celestial objects appear closer to the red end of the spectrum than light from similar nearby celestial objects. The explanation for the red shift is that the universe is presently (1) contracting, only (2) expanding, only (3) remaining constant in size (4) alternating between contracting and expanding 3. Astronomers viewing light from distant galaxies observe a shift of spectral lines toward the red end of the visible spectrum. This shift provides evidence that (1) orbital velocities of stars are decreasing (2) Earth’s atmosphere is warming (3) the Sun is cooling (4) the universe is expanding 12. Topographic Maps 1. On the grid below, construct a topographic profile of the land surface along line AB by plotting an X for the elevation of each contour line that crosses line AB. Connect the Xs with a smooth, curved line to complete the profile. 2. Toward which compass direction is Snapper Creek flowing? _____________________________ 3. Calculate the gradient between points X and Y. Units must be included in your answer.