Download Top Ten Diagrams

Name: _______________________
Top Twelve Diagrams
1) Celestial Sphere
Label the following on the celestial sphere diagram:
• Zenith
• Horizon
• Compass directions
• Location of Polaris (this observer is in New York State)
• Path of the Sun on June 21st, Dec 21st, and the Equinoxes
• Sunrise on Dec 21st
• Sunset on June 21st
• Noon sun on March 21st
• Path of the sun for Feb 21st
Which day has the longest duration of insolation? _______________
Which day will have the lowest angle of insolation? _______________
What latitudes are the observer and his dog at?
______________
____________
On which day of the year was this path observed?
(1) March 21
(3) September 21
(2) June 21
(4) December 21
2) Phases of the Moon
Label the following on the Phases of the Moon diagram:
• New Moon
• Full Moon
• Solar Eclipse
• Lunar Eclipse
• Waxing
• Waning
• The phase at position 1
How long does it take for the Moon to complete one cycle of phases?
_______________
Why do we see phases of the Moon?
______________________________________________________
Why doesn’t an eclipse happen at every new and full moon?
______________________________________________________
What phase is the moon in during a lunar eclipse? _______________
What phase is the moon in during a solar eclipse? _______________
List the two phases the moon is in during a spring tide? _______________
List the two phases the moon is in during a neap tide? ________________
3) Orographic Effect
Label the following on the Orographic Effect diagram:
• Windward side
• Leeward side
• Expanding air
• Sinking air
• Rising air
• Contracting air
• Wet side
• Dry Side
• Draw clouds in the appropriate location
Why does the air on the windward side of the mountain rise?
_________________________________________________________
Why is a desert usually found on the leeward side of the mountain range?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Desribe why clouds form on the windward side of the mountain.
_________________________________________________________
4) Low Pressure System and Fronts
Y
X
Label the following on the Weather map:
• mT air mass
• cP air mass
• Cold front
• Warm front
Draw an arrow on the map, showing the direction this low pressure system is
moving.
What is the air temperature of the station model that most recently
experienced heavy rains for a short period of time? __________________
Describe how the winds in this low pressure system circulate.
_________________________________________________________
Circle the diagram that illustrates the weather conditions from X to Y.
5) Elliptical Orbits
• Calculate the eccentricity of the orbit above.
• Compare the eccentricity of this orbit to Earth’s orbit.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
• Assume F2 is the Sun:
Place an F on the orbit where the planet would be moving the fastest.
Place a W on the orbit where the gravitational attraction between Earth
and the Sun would be weakest.
6) Earth’s Orbit
Label the following for
• Winter Solstice
• Autumnal Equinox
• September 23rd
the Northern Hemisphere on Earth’s orbit:
• Summer Solstice
• Vernal Equinox
st
• Dec 21
• June 21st
• March 21st
Where is the Sun’s apparent diameter the greatest? _____
How do you know? __________________________________________
Where is the Earth’s velocity the greatest? ______
How do you know? __________________________________________
What latitudes do the direct rays of the Sun strike on the:
Winter Solstice: ______________
Summer Solstice: _____________
Equinoxes: ________________
Diagram A
What season is shown for the Northern
Hemisphere in Diagram A? ____________
What season is shown for the Southern
Hemisphere in Diagram A? ____________
7) Streams and Meanders
At which letter is erosion greatest? _____________
At which letter is deposition greatest? ____________
At which letter is the velocity of the stream the greatest? ___________
At which letter is the velocity of the stream the least? ____________
If this stream is moving at a velocity of 150 cm/sec, what size sediments is
it able to transport? ______________
Stream Profile
Circle the stream profile below that
matches with the letters X-Y on the
diagram to the left.
8) Greenhouse Effect
Sketch a picture of what happens to the Sun’s energy as it enters the
greenhouse, is absorbed by Earth’s surface and reradiated back.
Define insolation: ___________________________________________
Describe the temperature in the greenhouse. _______________________
What gases in Earth’s atmosphere act like the glass on the greenhouse?
_________________________________________________________
Which planet in our solar system is hottest due to a runaway greenhouse
effect? ____________________
What can we do to slow down the greenhouse effect on Earth and stop
global warming? ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
9) Sea Breeze and Land Breeze
Fill in the spaces in the diagram above with the words High or Low for Air
Pressure and Hot or Cold for Temperature.
Does this picture show a Sea Breeze or a Land Breeze? _______________
Describe how you know. _______________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Describe why the air over the ocean is rising. _______________________
Describe why the air over the land is sinking. _______________________
What is the name given to the air currents that are shown in the picture
above. __________________________________
A Sea Breeze is the total opposite of a Land Breeze. Sketch a Sea Breeze.
10) Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake
1. How many seismic stations are needed to find the epicenter of an
earthquake? _______________
The following is a seismogram from New Orleans.
2. Fill in the data table using your ESRT.
Arrival of P wave
2:34:00
2:36:00
Arrival of S wave
2:38:00
2:40:00
Arrival Time
P wave
Arrival Time
S Wave
Difference in arrival
times
(hr. min. sec)
(hr. min. sec)
(hr. min. sec)
Distance to epicenter
(km)
02:39:10
3. Using the distance you just calculated, draw a circle with your starting
point as New Orleans on the map using a safety compass. Your circle may go
off of the map.
4. Use your ESRT to calculate the estimated Time or Origin of the
Earthquake. Fill this information into the data table below.
P wave travel time
Time of Origin
(hr. min. sec)
(hr. min. sec)
5. Circle the point on the map where the epicenter of the earthquake is, and
label it.
11) Doppler Effect: The Red Shift
1. The red shift of visible light waves
that is observed by astronomers on
Earth is used to determine the
(1) sizes of nearby galaxies
(2) relative motions of distant
galaxies
(3) densities of the planets
(4) rotation periods of the planets
2. In a Doppler red shift, the
observed wavelengths of light from
distant celestial objects appear closer
to the red end of the spectrum than
light from similar nearby celestial
objects. The explanation for the red
shift is that the universe is presently
(1) contracting, only
(2) expanding, only
(3) remaining constant in size
(4) alternating between contracting
and expanding
3. Astronomers viewing light from
distant galaxies observe a shift of
spectral lines toward the red end of
the visible spectrum. This shift
provides evidence that
(1) orbital velocities of stars are
decreasing
(2) Earth’s atmosphere is warming
(3) the Sun is cooling
(4) the universe is expanding
12. Topographic Maps
1. On the grid below, construct a topographic profile of the land surface along
line AB by plotting an X for the elevation of each contour line that crosses line
AB. Connect the Xs with a smooth, curved line to complete the profile.
2. Toward which compass direction is Snapper Creek flowing?
_____________________________
3. Calculate the gradient between points X and Y. Units must be included in
your answer.