Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
BIOLOGI KANKER NO 1 2 Topic The Nature of Cancer Tumor Viruses 3 Cellular Oncogenes 4 Growth Factors, Receptors, and Cancer 5 Cytoplasmic Signaling Circuitry Programs Many of the Traits of Cancer Tumor Suppressor Genes 6 7 pRb and Control of the Cell Cycle Clock 8 p53 and Apoptosis: Master Guardian and Executioner 9 Eternal Life: Cell Immortalization and Tumorigenesis Sub-Topic Teaching method Evaluation Competency Student having sufficient knowledge on the topic Definition of cancer, classification of cancer, tumor staging Tumor viruses induce multiple changes in cell phenotype including acquisition of tumorigenicity; Tumor virus genomes persist in virustransformed cells by becoming part of host-cell DNA Oncogenes discovered in human tumor cell lines are related to those carried by transforming retroviruses; Protooncogenes can be activated by genetic changes affecting either protein expression or structure An altered growth factor receptor can function as an Oncoprotein; A growth factor gene can become an oncogene: the case of sis SCL, presentation, discussion SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to analysis oncogenesis SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz A signaling pathway reaches from the cell surface into the nucleus; The Wnt–β-catenin pathway contributes to cell proliferation Promoter methylation represents an important mechanism for inactivating tumor suppressor genes; Tumor suppressor genes and proteins function in diverse ways Cell growth and division is coordinated by a complex array of regulators; A variety of mitogenic signaling pathways control the phosphorylation state of pRb p53 is discovered to be a tumor suppressor gene; p53 functions as a transcription factor that halts cell cycle advance in response to DNA damage and attempts to aid in the repair process Cell-physiologic stresses impose a limitation on Replication; The proliferation of cultured cells is also limited by the telomeres of their chromosomes SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to analysis the link between groth factor and cancer Student having sufficient knowledge to understand cancer signaling Student having sufficient knowledge to understand Tumor Suppressor genes SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to analysis the link between growth factor and cancer Student having sufficient knowledge on the topic Student having sufficient knowledge to understand Cell immortalization 10 Multi-Step Tumorigenesis 11 Maintenance of Genomic Integrity and the Development of Cancer 12 Dialogue Replaces Monologue: Heterotypic Interactions and the Biology of Angiogenesis 13 Moving Out: Invasion and Metastasis 14 Crowd Control: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Cells accumulate genetic and epigenetic alterations as tumor progression proceeds; Tumor stem cells further complicate the Darwinian model of clonal succession and tumor progression Apoptosis, drug pumps, and DNA replication mechanisms offer tissues a way to minimize the accumulation of mutant stem cells; Cells deploy a variety of defenses to protect DNA molecules from attack by mutagens The cells forming cancer cell lines develop without heterotypic interactions and deviate from the behavior of cells within human tumors; Endothelial cells and the vessels that they form ensure tumors adequate access to the circulation EMTs are programmed by transcription factors that orchestrate key steps of embryogenesis; Small Ras-like GTPases control cellular processes such as adhesion, cell shape, and cell motility Regulatory T cells are able to suppress major components of the adaptive immune response; Tumorassociated transplantation antigens may also evoke anti-tumor immunity SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to understand Tumor stepping SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to understand genomeic integrity in cancer SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to understand angiogenesis SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to understand Tumor metastatsis SCL, presentation, discussion Presentation, Quiz Student having sufficient knowledge to understand Tumor immunology and therapy References: 1. Robert A. Weinberg, Robert A Weinberg , The Biology of Cancer 2nd Edition; Gerland Science, 2014 2. Raymond W. Ruddon, Cancer biology, Oxford University press, 2007 3. Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, H. Lee Moffitt, Cancer Center Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression, springer science, 2008 4. F.Macdonald, C.H.J.Ford, A.G.Casson, Molecular biology of Cancer, Bios scientific publisher, 2004