Download E-AQA Mark Scheme P1 long answer questions

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E-AQA Mark Scheme P1 long answer questions
M1.
(a)
(i)
to compare mobile phone usage between the two groups
1
(ii)
enough data to indicate relationships
or
reduce effect of anomalous data
1
(b)
(i)
ethical
1
(ii)
research may be biased (in favour of companies)
1
negative effects on health may not get published
accept negative effects on health may be played
down
1
(iii)
it allows people to easily identify lower risk phones
1
and this allows people to make a more informed choice
accept and this allows a comparison to be made
1
[7]
M2.
(a)
because black is a good absorber of radiation
1
there will be a faster transfer of energy
allow the temperature of the water rises faster
1
(b)
16 800 000
allow 1 mark for substitution into correct equation
ie 100 × 4200 × 40
2
(c)
7 allow
ecf from part (b)
1
(d)
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the
Quality of Written Communication (QWC) as well as the
standard of the scientific response.
No relevant content.
0 marks
There is a brief description of the advantages and disadvantages
of using solar energy to heat the water rather than using an
electric immersion heater, including either advantages or
disadvantages from the examples below.
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
There is a description of some of the advantages and
disadvantages of using solar energy to heat the water
rather than using an electric immersion heater, with at
least one advantage and one disadvantage from the
examples below.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
There is a clear, balanced and detailed description of the
advantages and disadvantages of using solar energy to
heat the water rather than using an electric immersion
heater, with a minimum of two advantages and two
disadvantages from the examples below.
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
examples of the points made in the response
advantages
accept specific examples of polluting gases
•
a renewable energy source
•
energy is free
•
does not pollute the atmosphere
•
no fuel is burnt
•
energy can be stored (in the water)
disadvantages
accept unreliable energy source
•
only available in daylight hours
•
availability fluctuates
•
insufficient hours of sunlight in some countries
•
average low intensity in some countries
[11]
M3.
coal has chemical energy
when burnt heat/energy produced
longest
used to boil water/make steam
sequence
used to turn turbine(s)
which now have ke
turbine(s) turn generator(s)
(where (ke) transferred electrical energy)
(or electrical energy produced
)
any 5 for 1 mark each
[5]
##
(NB. Answers referring to planets to gain zero marks
Answers in terms of stars – deduct 1 mark)
A
B
C
light from (most) other galaxies shows a red-shift
this means that these galaxies and our own galaxy are moving
apart / Universe expanding
the red-shift of more distant galaxies is greater
D
E
this means that the further apart galaxies are the faster they are
moving away from each other
the relationship is proportional so this means that in the past
they all set out from the same point
each properly related point
for 1 mark
[5]
M5.
ideas that
•
direct solar radiation will provide enough energy to heat the (specially
designed) buildings during the period Oct-Mar / summer
•
solar cells will produce plenty of electricity in Oct-Mar / summer (when wind
generators produce little)
•
a couple of wind generators will produce all electricity needed (for all but
heating) Apr-Oct / winter
•
number required makes wind generators unsuitable for heating / buildings
•
no solar energy in June and July / little in winter
•
solar / wind have little effect on environment
•
or cause no air pollution
•
solar and wind complement each other
•
or together provide energy all year
•
fuel / gas / diesel can provide energy all the time / at any time
•
fuel / gas / diesel needed for transport
•
fuel / gas / diesel needed for heating in winter
•
diesel has to be imported
•
diesel likely to freeze
•
gas wouldn’t have to be imported
•
drilling for gas difficult / harms environment
•
but atmospheric pollution a global rather than local matter so any produced
in Antarctic doesn’t matter much
(deduct 1 mark (to minm. zero) for incorrect claims about destroying ozone layer)
•
gas produces less carbon dioxide (for the same energy released) than
diesel*
•
gas produces less sulphur dioxide (for the same energy released than
diesel*
(* these ideas met by candidates in Q.16 so must be allowed, though not
required)
any ten for 1 mark each
[10]
E-AQA P2 Long Answer Questions Mark Scheme
M1.
(a)
Y and Z
both required, either order
1
same number of protons
1
(b)
fusion
correct order only
1
energy
1
(c)
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the
Quality of Written Communication (QWC) as well as the
standard of the scientific response.
No relevant content.
0 marks
There is a brief description of the life cycle of a star like the sun.
Level 1 (1–2 marks)
There is some description of the life cycle of a star like the sun.
Level 2 (3–4 marks)
There is a clear and detailed description of the life cycle of a star
like the sun.
Level 3 (5–6 marks)
examples of the physics points made in the response
to score full marks either the term red giant or white
dwarf must be used
•
gases and dust pulled together by gravity
•
nuclear fusion begins
•
when forces are balanced star is stable
•
expands
•
cools
•
becomes a red giant
do not accept red supergiant
•
shrinks
•
temperature rises
•
glows much brighter
•
becomes a white dwarf
any mention of supernova negates a mark
any mention of black hole negates a mark
individual points must be linked in a correct
sequence
[10]
M2.
(a)
converted into helium
accept helium created
accept converted into heavier elements
accept used up in nuclear fusion / to produce
energy
do not accept any reference to burning
1
(b)
turns / expands into a red giant
contradictions negate mark
1
contracts and explodes or becomes a supernova
1
may form a (dense) neutron star or (if enough mass shrinks to) form a
black hole
accept forms a neutron star and (then) a black hole
1
Quality of written communication
correct points must be in sequence
1
(c)
(i)
supernova or remains of an earlier star
ignore super nebula
1
(ii)
younger or not formed at the time of the Big Bang
1
[7]
M3.
Quality of written communication: One mark for using correct scientific
sequence :
gravity → fusion → balance
1
any four from
•
(dust and gas) pulled together by gravity
•
(star formed when) it is hot enough
accept (as mass is pulled together) it gets very hot
•
hydrogen (and helium) nuclei fuse
•
(these nuclear fusion reactions) release the energy / heat / light
(which is radiated by stars)
•
energy causes expansion
•
gravitational pull is balanced by the expansion (force)
4
[5]
M4.
(a) materials produced when earlier stars
exploded
accept the Sun is a second generation star
accept formed from nebulae
1
(b)
Quality of written communication:
1 mark for correct sequencing balanced forces → expansion → contraction
/ explosion
1
any five from
gravity pulling matter together
accept idea that a star is very massive so its force
of gravity is very strong
high temperatures that create expansion forces
nuclear fusion releases energy that causes the very
high temperatures
these forces balance
star expands greatly
since expansion is greater than gravity
accept fuel runs out
forms a red giant
give no further marks if red giant → white dwarf, red
dwarf etc
collapses inwards and explodes outwards
called a supernova
neutron star may form
leaves a small, dense object (a black hole)
accept nothing can escape from it
5
[7]
M5.
ideas that
•
formed from dust/gases
•
pulled together by gravity
•
massive so very large gravitational forces (pulling inwards)
•
hydrogen → helium / fusion releases energy [not fission or just ‘nuclear’]
•
high temperature creates high pressure (pushing outwards)
•
long period when forces balance
•
then expands → red giant / red star
•
then contracts to (dense) white dwarf / white star
[credit if massive enough / more massive than sun, red giant → supernova →
(very dense) neutron star but do not accept w.r.t. Sun itself]
[The whole of the (non bracketed part of) each idea must be present in some
appropriate for in of words for each mark to be credited. To gain more than a single
mark ideas must also be in correct sequence and/or appropriately related.]
any six 1 mark each
[6]
E-AQA P3 Long Answer Questions Mark Scheme
M1.
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written
Communication (QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response.
No relevant content.
0 marks
There is a brief explanation of how a current is caused to flow in the
starter motor circuit.
Level 1 (1–2 marks)
There is some explanation of how a current is caused to flow in the
starter motor circuit.
Level 2 (3–4 marks)
There is a clear and detailed explanation of how a current is caused
to flow in the starter motor circuit.
Level 3 (5–6 marks)
examples of the physics points made in the response
current flows through the coil / electromagnet
magnetic field produced
accept electromagnet switches on
(short side of) iron bar attracted to electromagnet
contacts pushed together (by iron bar)
starter motor circuit completed
current flows through starter motor
or
p.d. across starter motor
[6]
M2.
(a)
(i)
X at the centre of the lifebelt
measuring from the centre of X, allow 2 mm
tolerance
in any direction
1
(ii)
any two from:
if X is on vertical line below the hanger (but not at
centre) can gain the first point only
below the point of suspension
accept ‘(vertically) below Y’
at the centre (of the lifebelt)
accept ‘in the middle’
(because) the lifebelt / it is symmetrical
or (because) the mass / weight is evenly
distributed
2
(b)
Nm or newton metre(s)
accept Newton metre(s)
do not accept any ambiguity in the symbol ie NM,
nM or nm
1
750
(moment) = force
(perpendicular) distance
(between line of action and pivot)
or (moment) = 500
1.5 gains 1 mark
2
(c)
Quality of written communication:
for 2 of the underlined terms used in the correct
context
1
any three connected points from:
low(er) centre of mass / gravity
or centre of mass / gravity will be close(r) to the
wheels
/ axle / ground
(more) stable
or less unstable
less likely to fall over
accept ‘less likely to overturn’
do not accept ‘will not fall over’
the turning effect / moment (of the weight of case) is less
or so less effort is needed to hold the case
ignore references to pulling the case
so the pull on her arm is less
3
[10]
M3.
electromagnet becomes stronger (not becomes magnetic) iron moves left –
implied OK
plunger goes up push switch goes to off or circuit broken unless plunger moves
down
for 1 mark each
[4]
M4.
Quality of written communication: One mark for correct sequencing.
bolt out  plunger up  switch off / circuit broken
1
any five from
•
high current flows
•
electromagnet is stronger
•
the iron bolt is pulled out
•
the plastic plunger moves up
•
the switch is lifted / open / off
accept circuit is broken
•
no current flowing
•
to re-set the plunger must be pushed down
5
[6]