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Anatomy of the Digestive System Organ System Cluster Prepared by: Maria Michaela Valenzuela, PTRP Reference Seeley, R., Stephens, T., and Tate, P., Anatomy & Physiology. 8th ed. McGraw Hill Company Inc., (2008) Snell, R., Clinical Anatomy by Regions. 8th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2008) Regional Division of the Abdomen Used to facilitate location of the various organs of the abdominal cavity. Organs of the Digestive System Alimentary tract: Accessory main passage of Organs food Teeth Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Intestines Tongue Salivary Glands Liver Pancreas Histology of the Alimentary Canal Mucosa Innermost Stratified squamous, simple columnar cells Absorption Submucosa Connective tissue Secretory function Meissner’s plexus of nerve cells Histology of the Alimentary Canal Muscularis Inner layer of circular smooth muscle Outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle Myenteric Plexus of nerve cells Motility function Serosa Outermost Visceral peritoneum Alimentary Tract: Mouth Anteriorly: teeth Posteriorly: fauces (throat) Laterally: cheeks Superiorly: palate Inferiorly: muscular floor Alimentary Tract: Mouth Divisions Anterior vestibule Posterior oral cavity proper Accessory Organ: Tongue Muscular structure occupying floor of the oral cavity Attached to the floor by frenulum Intrinsic & extrinsic muscles Accessory Organ: Teeth 32, distributed over dental arches 1 central incisor 1 lateral incisor 1 canine 2 pre molars 3 molars Accessory Organs: Salivary Glands Parotid Anterior to the ear Sublingual Lie below mucous membrane of the oral cavity floor Submandibular Inferior border of the posterior half of the mandible Alimentary Tract: Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Transmit food Stratified squamous epthelium Alimentary Tract: Esophagus Extends between the pharynx & stomach 25 cm long Mediastinum, posterior to trachea, anterior to vertebrae Sphincters UES LES Alimentary Tract: Stomach Divisions Fundus Body Pyloric Greater & Lesser Curvature Sphincters Cardiac Pyloric Alimentary Tract: Stomach Serosa – visceral peritoneum Muscularis Longitudinal Circular Oblique Mucosal layer with rugae Alimentary Tract: Small Intestine 6 m long Where greatest amount of digestion & absorption take place Divisions Duodenum Jejunum Illeum Alimentary Tract: Small Intestine Duodenum Short superior part Duodenal papilla (minor & major) for entry of common bile duct Mucosa & submucosa thrown into folds plica circulares Microvilli Alimentary Tract: Small Intestine Jejunum & Illeum Smaller in diameter Jejunum: Major site of absorption (with duodenum) Submucosal Lymphatic nodules: Peyer’s patches Ileocecal junction with ileocecal valve Accessory Organ: Liver Largest organ 1.36 kg ® upper quadrant against the inferior surface of diaphragm Lobes (L) & ® Caudate quadrate Accessory Organ: Gall Bladder Sac-like structure on inferior surface of liver 8cm long, 4cm wide 3 tunics Accessory Organ: Pancreas Endocrine & Exocrine functions 2 types of cells Acini Islet Parts Head projecting on the duodenum Body projecting towards the spleen tail Alimentary Tract: Large Intestine From ileocecal junction to anus Divisions Cecum Colon Rectum Anal canal Alimentary Tract: Large Intestine Cecum Proximal Attachment of appendix Colon Ascending colon & ® colic flexure Transverse colon & left colic flexure Descending colon Alimentary Tract: Large Intestine Colon 3 bands of Longitudinal muscle: teniae coli Outpouching called haustra Fatty tags: appendices epiploicae Rectum & Anus Muscular tube lined with Simple columnar epithelium Internal & External Anal Spincter Thank You for Listening!