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REFERENCE NO: E32 - ELECTRO 1
1. COURSE NAME: Electro Technology 1
2. COURSE DESCRIPTIONS: The course includes the Electron Theory,
Electrical Diagrams and Symbols, Simple Circuit and Ohm’s Law,
Series and Parallel Circuits, Connections of Ammeters and Volt
Meters, Work Energy and Power
3. NUMBER OF UNITS FOR LECTURE AND LABORATORY:
2 LECTURE, 3 LABORATORY = 3 UNITS
4. NUMBER OF CONTACT HOURS PER WEEK:
2 LECTURE, 3 LABORATORY = 5 HOURS
5. PREREQUISITE: NONE
6. COURSE OBJECTIVES: The students shall be able to use electrical and
electronics measuring and test equipment for fault findings.
Maintenance and repair operations and demonstrate
knowledge of the fundamentals for safe and efficient
operations of electrical equipment and machineries.
FUNCTION: F2 - Electrical and Electronic and Control Engineering at the
operational level (Operate Alternators, Generators and Control
Systems)
7. COURSE OUTLINE:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
The students shall be able to . . . . . .
7. Explain Electron Theory
7.1 What is meant by:
7.1.1 Atom
7.1.2 Element
7.1.3 Compound
7.1.4 Molecules
7.1.5 To explain the composition of an atom in terms of
electrons, protons and neutrons and the balance of
electrons and protons
7.1.6 To explain the effect of applying energy to an atom.
7.1.7 To explain the significance of the numbers of electrons
in the outer shell with reference to; 1. Inert elements 2.
Positive ions 3. Negative ions 4. Ionization.
7.1.8 To explain the different sources of electricity and their
effect when connected to a conductor
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7.2
Electrical Diagrams and Symbols
7.2.1 To explain the purpose of the following types of
electrical diagrams and their basic differences;. Block 2.
System 3. Circuits and wirings
7.2.2 To sketch a typical circuit diagram using correct
symbols
7.3 Simple Circuit and Ohm’s Law
7.3.1 To illustrate simple circuit and explain Ohm’s Law
7.3.2 To describe an electrical circuit, including electromotive
force, conductors, a means of controlling the circuit and
a load.
7.3.3 To explain Ohm’s Law and the use to find current
voltage and resistance in simple circuits
7.4 Series and Parallel Circuits
7.4.1 To explain assumption regarding the resistance and
energy sources
7.4.2 To describe how the current through and the voltage of
cross resistors are affected in series and in parallel
circuits
7.4.3 To discuss Kirchoff’s voltage and current law.
7.4.4 To describe the current flowing and the voltage drop
across resistors affected in series and in parallel
circuits.
7.4.5 To calculate the total (or equivalent) resistance of
parallel circuit given the voltage and a total current.
7.5 Connections of Ammeters and Volt Meters
7.5.1 To illustrate the connection of Ammeters and Volt
Meters
7.5.2 To sketch a simple circuit showing how a Volt Meter
and an Ammeter are connected
7.5.3 To explain why a high resistance is needed in a volt
meter and a low resistance in an Ammeter
7.5.4 To describe the location of shunts and series resistors
relative to their meters on a typical switchboard.
7.5.5 To explain current laws, resistance values and voltage
in; series circuits and parallel circuits are determine by
calculations and experiment.
7.6 Work Energy and Power
7.6.1 To explain the difference between work energy and
power, giving the units and symbols commonly used
7.6.2 To describe the given current and voltage work
7.6.3 To define the power giving the units and symbols used.
7.6.4 To explain the implications of power dissipated in a
resistor
7.6.5 To explain the basic ratio of efficiency using the current
symbol
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7.6.6 To describe the transfer of heat energy to electrical
energy and vice-versa
7.6.7 To describe the problems concerning power loss and
electrical circuits.
7.7 Electrical Power Supplies
7.7.1 To state electrical power supply
7.7.2 To explain the range of voltage and frequency at which
ships electrical power is normally generated
7.7.3 To explain the following range of voltages; 1. lighting
and domestic supplies 2. portable equipment 3. bow
thrusters 4. batteries.
7.8 State the Basic Safety
7.8.1 To discuss the essential safety precautions in working
on electrical equipment
7.8.2 To describe the cause of electrical shock, giving the
level of circuit which could be fatal
7.8.3 To state the voltage range that is consider safe
7.9 Explain Conductors
7.9.1 To determine the given reference tables of the crosssectional size of conductors to use in the circuits
7.9.2 To describe the factors which governs the variation of
resistance of conductors
7.9.3 To explain the effect of temperature variation.
7.10
Explain Insulation
7.10.1 Explain what is meant by an insulator and the purpose
of insulation
7.10.2 To explain the ventilation and cooling insulation
7.10.3 To explain what is meant by insulation resistance and
how it often deteriorates
7.11
Discuss Testing and Measuring equipment
7.11.1 To explain the range of voltage used for testing ship’s
equipment
7.11.2 To discuss and use the following tester: 1. To check the
zero reading 2. to check that the equipment is dead 3.
To measure values of phase to phase insulation 4. To
measure values of phase-to-earth insulation
7.11.3 To explain the significance of individual and
composition test readings
7.11.4 To discuss and use of Digital and Analogue
multimeters, taking the necessary precautions to: 1.
Check the accuracy of the meter 2. Check for battery
failure 3. Measure resistance 4. Measure voltage 5.
Measure current 6. Test diodes
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7.11.5 To test whether an equipment
appropriate testing equipment
is live or dead using
7.12
Explain how batteries are use and maintain
7.12.1 To describe how batteries are connected to increase
the capacity and their voltage
7.12.2 To discuss the advantage and disadvantages of the
various types of batteries commonly used on ships
7.12.3 To explain how lead-acid batteries are maintained and
the ability to measure/decide on their actual capacity
and the need for charging
7.13 Magnetism and Electromagnetism
7.13.1 To explain what is “natural and artificial” magnets
7.13.2 To explain what is “magnetic material”
7.13.3 To discuss the concept of north and south poles and the
associated lines of magnetic force are sketch
7.13.4 To describe the presence of magnetic field around the
conductor carrying a current
7.13.5 To describe the effect of following processes on a
magnetic material; 1. Magnetizing 2. Fragmenting 3.
Heating 4. Magnetizing while cooling
7.14
Electromagnetic Induction
7.14.1 To describe the principles of electromagnetic induction
and its main application
7.14.2 To explain the means by which the magnetic flux
associated with a conductor maybe changed
7.14.3 To explain the factors that affect the induced voltage
7.14.4 To explain the Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic
induction in simple terms
7.14.5 To explain Len’s Law
7.14.6 To explain the principle of static induction to include
mutual and self induction
7.14.7 To explain the principle of dynamic induction
7.15 Generators and Motors
7.15.1 To discuss Fleming’s hand rules to determine the
directions of magnetic field, motion and current
7.15.2 To discuss and identify the following: 1. The armature
2. Slip ring 3. Brushes and springs 4. Field poles 5.
Field coils on an actual machine or by using a given
diagram that show the arrangement of a simple
generator
7.15.3 To discuss graph showing the variation of e.m.f. when a
simple loop generator coil is rotated between two poles
is shown
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7.15.4 To discuss/determine the direction of the conductor
given the direction of current in conductor in a motor
and the direction of cutting magnetic field
7.15.5 To describe the basics circuits and application of shunt,
series and compound d.c. motors
7.15.6 To explain the main purpose of a motor starter
7.16
Alternating Current
7.16.1 To explain how alternating current is produce in a
simple loop rotating in a magnetic field
7.16.2 To explain the relationship between: 1. Instantaneous
voltage 2. Conductor velocity 3. Sine of the displace
angle of
7.16.3 To sketch the wave form of an A.C. voltage
7.16.4 To discuss the position of the loop in objective 7.16.1 to
the voltage wave form for one cycle at 90 degrees
intervals of rotation is related by means of sketches
7.16.5 Name the unit frequency and the symbol is defined and
used
7.16.6 To discuss a simple circuit for a three-phase supply
from an alternator is shown diagrammatically
7.17 Process Distribution
7.17.1 To explain the basic purpose of switches, circuit
breakers and fuses
7.17.2 To list the essential services which are supplied by
electrical power
7.17.3 To explain the purpose of an emergency power supply
7.17.4 To discuss the possible sources of emergency power
supply and how they are brought into use are stated
7.17.5 To draw a system diagram of a typical distribution
system, showing: 1. Main generator 2. Shore supply 3.
Battery charging 3. 440 volt supply 4. 220 volt supply 5.
Circuit breakers 6. Transformers
7.17.6 To show the differences between insulated systems and
earthed-neutral systems by means of simple sketches
7.17.7 To estimate the current flow during the given fault
conditions
7.17.8 To explain the effect of an earthed fault with an
insulated distributed system
7.17.9 To describe how High-voltage systems are normally
earthed in a resistor
7.17.10
To explain the principle using earthed fault
instruments
7.18
Transformer
7.18.1 To discuss and state why transformers on ships are
usually air-cooled
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7.18.2 To explain the connection between the main distribution
board through: 1. Delta-delta transformer 2. Delta-star
transformers with an earthed neutral is shown
diagramatically
7.18.3 To discuss the maintenance checks required by a
transformer
7.18.4 To describe the procedure when connecting up to a
shore supply
7.19 Gas and Chemical Tankers
7.19.1 To explain what is meant by “Dangerous spaces and by
normally safe spaces
7.19.2 To explain the basic differences between the three
classes of tanker
7.19.3 To summarized the dangerous spaces in the various
classes of tankers
7.19.4 To explain when electrical equipment and cables can be
located in dangerous spaces
7.19.5 The requirements for the following are stated briefly in
type A tankers:
7.19.5.1 equipment inside cargo tankers
7.19.5.2 motors in pump rooms
7.19.5.3 light in pump rooms
7.19.5.4 cable run
lights in spaces adjacent to dangerous spaces in
type B:
7.19.5.5 monitoring and instrumentation
equipment in contact with the oil, either in cargo
tanker or in oil circuits
7.19.5.6 motors in pump rooms
7.19.5.7 portable electrical equipment in cargo tanker
In type C tanker:
7.19.5.8 cargo-pump motors
7.19.5.9 gas compressor motors
In type D chemical carriers:
7.19.5.10 electrical equipment in general
7.19.6 To discuss the various electrical sources which can
ignite gases when they are concentrated above their
lower explosive limit
7.19.7 To explain how flammable gases
are grouped
according to the amount of electrical energy in the form
of an arc necessary to ignite
7.19.8 To define what is meant by intrinsic safety
7.19.9 To explain why explosion-protected equipment must be
tested, inspected and certified to comply with the
required standards
7.19.10 To explain the precautions to be taken when testing
electrical equipment in hazardous areas
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7.19.11 To summarize the precautions and care to be taken
when maintaining protected equipment
7.19.12 To discuss the main points for inspection maintenance
in re-assembly of protected equipment
7.20 Impedance and Inductance
7.20.1 Explain what is meant by “impedance” and uses the correct
symbol
7.20.2 Compare impedance of an a.c. circuit with resistance of a
d.c. circuit
7.20.3 State the relationship between impedance, voltage and
current
7.20.4 Compares the effect in an a.c. circuit and in a d. c. circuit of:
7.20.4.1 a simple resistance
7.20.4.2 the same resistance wound in the form of a oil
7.20.4.3 the same coiled resistance, into which an iron core is
inserted
7.20.5 Describe what is meant by “reactance” and uses the correct
symbol
7.20.6 Sketche the impedance triangle, indicating R,X,Z and the
phase angle (Ф)
7.20.7 States that the cosine of the phase angle is called the power
factor
7.20.8 calculates impedances and power factor given the resistance
and reactance of coils
7.20.9 explain the effect of changing current and its associated
magnetic flux on the induced e.m.f.
7.20.10 Explain why, in a circuit containing only reactance, there is a
difference in phase of 90˚ between the applied voltage and
the current
7.20.11 Sketches graphs showing the variation of current, applied
voltage and back e.m.f. over one cycle when an a.c. is
applied to:
7.20.11.1 a circuit containing only pure resistance
7.20.11.2 a choke having inductance only
7.20.12 uperimposes a curve representing the power dissipated in
both cases in the above objective
7.20.13 States the value of the power factor in both cases in the
above objective
7.20.14 States that, in practice, an inductor will always have a
resistance
7.20.15 sketches a phasor diagram for a circuit containing an
inductances which has resistance, indicating the resultant
applied voltage and the phase angle
7.20.16 States that in cases such as those in the above objective,
i.e. inductive circuit, the current always lags the applied
voltage
7.20.17 States that shipboard installations produce power demand
with a lagging power factor
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7.20.18 Explain the effect of varying power factor on the power
consumed
7.20.19 States that power = V x I x R or V x I X cos ф
Z
7.20.20 Solve simple problems concerning power, current,
resisitance, impedance, reactance and power factor and
verifies the solutions, using laboratory equipment
7.21 Lighting
7.21.1 states that correct levels of lighting are vitals to safety,
efficiency and comfort
7.21.2 describe the principle of the incandescent lamp
7.21.3 explain the difference between lamps for general lighting and
for rough service
7.21.4 describe briefly the principle, application and care when
handling tungsten-halogen lamps
7.21.5 explain the principle of discharge lamps
7.21.6 explain how fluorescent tubes are started up
7.21.7 explain how the power factor of fluorescent tubes improved
7.21.8 explain how radio interference is suppressed in a fluorescent
tube
7.21.9 state that there are numerous types of lamps cap which are
not interchangeable and that its is essential to fit the correct
cap to the correct fitting
7.21.10 explain the effect of variation in voltage on both
incandescent and gas-discharge lamps
7.21.11 list the locations, colour and power of navigation lights
7.21.12 explain how the continued working of navigation lights is
ensured
7.21.13 describe in general terms the lights on the signal mast
7.21.14 explain how energy lights are marked
7.21.15 state which emergency lights are on the emergency
switchboard system and which lights may be on the battery
circuit
7.21.16 state that emergency lights must be tested at frequent
intervals
7.21.17 explain why the circuit must be switched off when replacing
a lamp
7.21.18 explain why the correct power of lamp should be used
7.21.19 describe the deterioration common in both lamp holders
and their wire connections
7.21.20 explain the care necessary when working on fluorescent
lamp circuits
7.21.21 describe how failed lamps are disposed of
7.21.22 describe the care necessary when maintaining:
7.21.22.1 exposed watertight fittings
7.21.22.2 portable hand lamps
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7.21.23 carries out routine testing and maintenance of lighting
circuits and fittings
7.21.24 detects and rectifies implanted faults likely to be
encountered at sea
8. EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, TEACHING AIDS:
The equipment, materials, chemicals, teaching aids needed in
this course is listed in the attached APPENDIX 1.
9. REFERENCES:
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
Kraal, Edmund G. “Basic Electrotechnology for Engineers”
(Thomas Red publication).
Baria, Rogelio, Jr., et. al. ”Electrotechnology I”.
Kroal, “Basic Electro Technology for Engineers” 1994.
Zucker. “Electronics Measurements”.
Watson. “Marine Electrical Practice”.
Valkenhaugh., “Basic Electricity”. vol. 2.
Pagarian. “Practical Electronics”.
McGeorge. “Marine Electrical Equipment and Practice”.
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