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sample test - sound
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Sound is a disturbance that travels through a medium as a
a. longitudinal wave.
b. surface wave.
c. standing wave.
d. transverse wave.
2. The speed of sound depends on
a. the loudness of the sound.
b. the pitch of the sound.
c. the source of the sound.
d. the properties of the medium it travels through.
3. The ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed is called
a. density.
b. elasticity.
c. intensity.
d. frequency.
4. The first person to break the sound barrier was
a. Orville Wright.
b. Andy Green.
c. Chuck Yeager.
d. John Glenn.
5. Why did Chuck Yeager’s team choose a high altitude to try to break the sound barrier?
a. The temperature is lower, so the speed of sound is higher.
b. The temperature is lower, so the speed of sound is lower.
c. The temperature is higher, so the speed of sound is higher.
d. The temperature is higher, so the speed of sound is lower.
6. The amount of energy a sound wave carries per second through a unit area is its
a. loudness.
b. intensity.
c. frequency.
d. pitch.
7. Loudness, or sound level, is measured in units called
a. decibels.
b. hertz.
c. meters per second.
d. watts per square meter.
8. Which term refers to how high or low a sound seems to a person?
a. loudness
b. intensity
c. frequency
d. pitch
9. The pitch of a sound that you hear depends on the sound wave’s
a. loudness.
b. frequency.
____ 10.
____ 11.
____ 12.
____ 13.
____ 14.
____ 15.
____ 16.
____ 17.
____ 18.
____ 19.
c. intensity.
d. speed.
The changing pitch of a police car’s siren as it moves by you is an example of
a. the Doppler effect.
b. resonance.
c. the speed of sound.
d. intensity.
As a sound source moves toward a listener, the pitch
a. appears to decrease.
b. appears to increase.
c. stays the same.
d. goes up and down repeatedly.
A fundamental tone has only one
a. frequency.
b. pitch.
c. timbre.
d. intensity.
What is a set of tones combined in a way that is pleasing to the ear?
a. noise
b. sound
c. music
d. timbre
What occurs when two or more sound waves interact?
a. interference
b. Doppler effect
c. resonance
d. ultrasound
How well sounds can be heard in a particular room or hall is described by
a. pitch.
b. resonance.
c. acoustics.
d. timbre.
Which part of your ear do sound waves enter through?
a. ear canal
b. eardrum
c. earlobe
d. cochlea
Which part of your ear sends the message to your brain that you’ve heard a sound?
a. the outermost part of your ear
b. the vibrating eardrum
c. the hammer, anvil, and stirrup located in your middle ear
d. the hairlike structures in the cochlea that are attached to nerve cells
Which of the following can cause hearing loss?
a. listening to soft music
b. going outside in cold weather
c. infections
d. working in a quiet office
The most common type of hearing loss is due to
a. injury.
____ 20.
____ 21.
____ 22.
____ 23.
____ 24.
____ 25.
____ 26.
____ 27.
____ 28.
____ 29.
b. infection.
c. loud noise or music.
d. aging.
A system of detecting reflected sound waves is
a. dissonance.
b. infrasound.
c. sonar.
d. acoustics.
What do some bats use to locate food and to navigate?
a. dissonance
b. echolocation
c. infrasound
d. acoustics
Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz are called
a. ultrasound.
b. infrasound.
c. sonar.
d. echolocation.
Doctors are able to make sonograms through the use of
a. ultrasound.
b. infrasound.
c. sonar.
d. acoustics.
You can hear sounds from around corners because of
a. refraction.
b. reflection.
c. diffraction.
d. elasticity.
The compressions and rarefraction that make up a sound wave traveling through the air are
a. differences in air pressure.
b. echoes.
c. differences in pitch.
d. an example of infrasound.
At what level can sounds damage the ears?
a. 10 dB
b. 40 dB
c. 100 dB
d. 120 dB
Sound waves with frequencies below the normal human range of hearing are called
a. ultrasound.
b. infrasound.
c. resonance.
d. decibels.
What is a mixture of sound waves that do not sound pleasing together called?
a. music
b. noise
c. timbre
d. pitch
The basic groups of musical instruments are
a. stringed, woodwind, and brass.
b. stringed, wind, and percussion.
c. brass, woodwind, and percussion.
d. stringed, woodwind, and percussion.
____ 30. What type of musical instrument is a xylophone?
a. stringed
b. brass
c. woodwind
d. percussion
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
sentence or statement true.
____ 31. Sound waves are longitudinal. _________________________
____ 32. The speed of sound in air decreases with increasing temperature. _________________________
____ 33. The loudness of a sound that can just barely be heard is 100 dB. _________________________
____ 34. Interference occurs when two or more sound waves interact. _________________________
____ 35. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are bones that make up the inner ear. _________________________
____ 36. It is not safe to put objects into your ear, even to clean it, because you may puncture the eardrum.
_________________________
____ 37. The frequency of the sound waves produced by a string increases as the tension of the string decreases.
_________________________
____ 38. If a sound source is moving towards you, you will hear a higher pitch. _________________________
____ 39. The study of how sounds interact with each other and the environment is reverberation.
_________________________
____ 40. Dolphins use sonograms to hunt at night. _________________________
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
41. The ____________________ of a sound wave is the distance between a compression or rarefaction and the
next compression or rarefaction.
42. Because of ____________________, sound waves entering through a doorway spread to all parts of a room.
43. The ____________________ of a medium is the amount of mass there is in a given amount of space, or
volume.
44. The state of matter that is generally the poorest transmitter of sound is the ____________________ state.
45. If two sound waves differ in intensity, the wave that is more intense sounds ____________________.
46. Sound waves with frequencies ____________________ than the normal human range of hearing are called
infrasound.
47. A short string under a certain tension generally produces a sound with a higher ____________________ than
a long string under the same tension.
48. When a plane flying over us exceeds the speed of sound, we hear an energy release called a sonic
___________________.
49. Sound that generally has no pleasing patterns is referred to as ____________________.
50. The acoustics used in the design of a good concert hall control reverberation and ____________________.
51. The ear canal ends at a tightly stretched membrane called the ____________________.
52. The ____________________ is a liquid-filled cavity in the inner ear.
53. Hearing protection prevents the ____________________ of the cochlea from becoming damaged by long
exposure to loud sounds.
54. An echo is a(n) ____________________ sound wave.
55. The use of sound waves by some bats to navigate and find food is called ____________________.
56. A(n) ____________________ is a picture of the inside of the human body produced by ultrasound.
57. The change in frequency of a wave produced by a moving source is called the ____________________.
58. ____________________ occurs when the echoes of a sound continue to be heard after the sound source stops
producing sound waves.
59. A(n) ____________________ produces a sound when a reed vibrates.
60. A bat uses reflected ____________________ waves to build up a “picture” of what is in front of it.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
Speed of Sound
Medium
Speed (m/s)
Gases
Air (0°C)
331
Air (20°C)
343
Liquids (30°C)
Fresh water
1,509
Salt water
1,546
Solids (25°C)
Lead
1,210
Plastic
1,800
Silver
2,680
Copper
3,100
Gold
3,240
Brick
3,650
Hardwood
4,000
Cast iron
4,480
Glass
5,170
Steel
5,200
61. In which medium listed in the table does sound travel slowest?
62. In which medium listed in the table does sound travel fastest?
63. Compare the speed of sound in iron with the speed of sound in lead. Based on their relative speeds, what
might you say about the elasticity and density of iron and lead?
64. Explain why there is a difference between the speed of sound in air at 0°C and the speed of sound in air at
20°C.
65. What is the speed of sound in glass at 25°C?
66. Out of rubber, helium, and vinegar, which most likely conducts sound fastest? The slowest? Why do you
think so?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
67. What is happening in the diagram?
68. Where is the sonar device located?
69. What type of sound waves does the sonar device produce?
70. What do the arrows that run from A to B represent?
71. What do the arrows that run from B to C represent?
72. Suppose that the sound waves of a sonar device on the ship are sent down and reflected back up by the sunken
ship. If it takes 3 seconds for the waves to travel from their source to the sunken ship and back, what is the
depth of the sunken ship? (Assume that the speed of the sound waves is 1,520 m/s.)
Essay
73. How does a gong make a sound when it is struck?
74. Why can you hear a sound around a corner of a building?
75. Explain how the speed of sound in a medium is related to the temperature of the medium.
76. Give an example of the Doppler effect, and explain how it occurs.
77. How is the sound quality of an instrument related to the overtones it produces?
78. Describe the functions of the three main sections of the ear.
79. Give an example of noise. Explain what makes a sound a noise.
80. What does a hearing aid do? How does it work?
sample test - sound
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
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2. ANS:
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3. ANS:
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4. ANS:
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5. ANS:
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20. ANS:
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22. ANS:
STO:
23. ANS:
A
DIF: L1
5.7.B.2, 5.1.B.1, 5.1.B.3
D
DIF: L1
5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.3.D.1.a
B
DIF: L1
5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
C
DIF: L3
5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
B
DIF: L2
5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
B
DIF: L1
5.7.B.2
A
DIF: L1
5.3.B.1, 5.7.B.2
D
DIF: L1
5.3.B.1, 5.7.B.2
B
DIF: L1
5.3.B.1, 5.7.B.2
A
DIF: L2
5.1.B.3, 5.2.A.3, 5.7.B.2
B
DIF: L3
5.1.B.3, 5.2.A.3, 5.7.B.2
A
DIF: L3
5.7.B.2
C
DIF: L1
5.1.B.3
A
DIF: L3
5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2
C
DIF: L2
5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2
A
DIF: L2
5.7.B.2, 5.5.A.2.d
D
DIF: L3
5.5.A.2.d, 5.7.B.2
C
DIF: L2
D
DIF: L3
C
DIF: L1
5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2, 5.4.A.1
B
DIF: L2
5.7.B.2, 5.4.A.1
A
DIF: L2
5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.1.B.1
A
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-36
OBJ: O.2.1.1
REF: p. O-39
OBJ: O.2.1.3
REF: p. O-40
OBJ: O.2.1.3
REF: p. O-41
OBJ: O.2.1.3
REF: p. O-41
OBJ: O.2.1.3
REF: p. O-43
OBJ: O.2.2.1
REF: p. O-44
OBJ: O.2.2.1
REF: p. O-44
OBJ: O.2.2.2
REF: p. O-44
OBJ: O.2.2.2
REF: p. O-46
OBJ: O.2.2.3
REF: p. O-46
OBJ: O.2.2.3
REF: p. O-49
OBJ: O.2.3.1
REF: p. O-48
OBJ: O.2.3.1
REF: p. O-52
OBJ: O.2.3.3
REF: p. O-52
OBJ: O.2.3.3
REF: p. O-54
OBJ: O.2.4.1
REF: p. O-55
OBJ: O.2.4.1
REF: p. O-56
REF: p. O-56
REF: p. O-62
OBJ: O.2.4.2
OBJ: O.2.4.2
OBJ: O.2.5.2
REF: p. O-61
OBJ: O.2.5.1
REF: p. O-45
OBJ: O.2.2.2
REF: p. O-63
OBJ: O.2.5.2
STO:
24. ANS:
STO:
25. ANS:
STO:
26. ANS:
STO:
27. ANS:
STO:
28. ANS:
STO:
29. ANS:
30. ANS:
5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2
C
DIF: L2
5.7.B.2
A
DIF: L3
5.7.B.2
C
DIF: L2
5.3.B.1, 5.7.B.2
B
DIF: L1
5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.1.B.1
B
DIF: L1
5.1.B.3
B
DIF: L1
D
DIF: L1
REF: p. O-38
OBJ: O.2.1.2
REF: p. O-37
OBJ: O.2.1.1
REF: p. O-44
OBJ: O.2.2.1
REF: p. O-45
OBJ: O.2.2.2
REF: p. O-48
OBJ: O.2.3.1
REF: p. O-50
REF: p. O-51
OBJ: O.2.3.2
OBJ: O.2.3.2
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
31. ANS: T
OBJ: O.2.1.1
32. ANS: F, increases
DIF: L1
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.1.B.1, 5.1.B.3
REF: p. O-36
DIF: L2
33. ANS: F, 0
REF: p. O-41
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
DIF:
34. ANS:
OBJ:
35. ANS:
L1
T
O.2.1.2
F, middle
REF: p. O-44
OBJ: O.2.2.1
DIF: L2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.3.D.1.a
STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.B.2
REF: p. O-39
DIF:
36. ANS:
OBJ:
37. ANS:
L2
T
O.2.4.2
F, increases
REF: p. O-55
STO: 5.5.A.2.d, 5.7.B.2
REF: p. O-56
DIF:
38. ANS:
OBJ:
39. ANS:
L3
T
O.2.2.3
F, acoustics
REF: p. O-45
OBJ: O.2.2.2
DIF: L2
STO: 5.1.B.3, 5.2.A.3, 5.7.B.2
DIF: L1
REF: p. O-52
40. ANS: F, echolocation
DIF: L2
OBJ: O.2.4.1
DIF: L2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.1.B.1
REF: p. O-46
OBJ: O.2.3.3
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2
REF: p. O-61
OBJ: O.2.5.1
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.4.A.1
REF: p. O-37
OBJ: O.2.1.1
STO: 5.7.B.2
COMPLETION
41. ANS: wavelength
DIF: L3
42. ANS: diffraction
DIF: L2
43. ANS: density
REF: p. O-39
OBJ: O.2.1.2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.3.D.1.a
DIF: L2
44. ANS:
gas
gaseous
REF: p. O-40
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
DIF: L3
45. ANS: louder
REF: p. O-40
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
DIF: L2
46. ANS: lower
REF: p. O-43
OBJ: O.2.2.1
STO: 5.7.B.2
DIF: L1
47. ANS: pitch
REF: p. O-45
OBJ: O.2.2.2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.1.B.1
DIF: L3
48. ANS: boom
REF: p. O-50
OBJ: O.2.3.2
DIF: L2
49. ANS: noise
REF: p. O-47
OBJ: O.2.2.3
STO: 5.7.B.2
DIF: L1
50. ANS: interference
REF: p. O-48
OBJ: O.2.3.1
STO: 5.1.B.3
DIF: L1
51. ANS: eardrum
REF: p. O-52
OBJ: O.2.3.3
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2
DIF: L2
52. ANS: cochlea
REF: p. O-54
OBJ: O.2.4.1
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.5.A.2.d
DIF: L2
53. ANS: hair cells
REF: p. O-55
OBJ: O.2.4.1
STO: 5.5.A.2.d, 5.7.B.2
DIF: L3
54. ANS: reflected
REF: p. O-56
OBJ: O.2.4.2
DIF: L1
REF: p. O-38
55. ANS: echolocation
OBJ: O.2.1.2
STO: 5.7.B.2
DIF: L2
56. ANS: sonogram
REF: p. O-61
OBJ: O.2.5.1
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.4.A.1
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-63
57. ANS: Doppler effect
OBJ: O.2.5.2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-46
58. ANS: Reverberation
OBJ: O.2.2.3
STO: 5.1.B.3, 5.2.A.3, 5.7.B.2
DIF: L2
59. ANS: woodwind
REF: p. O-52
OBJ: O.2.3.3
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2
DIF: L2
60. ANS:
sound
ultrasound
REF: p. O-51
OBJ: O.2.3.2
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-61
OBJ: O.2.5.1
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.4.A.1
REF: p. O-39
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.3.D.1.a
SHORT ANSWER
61. ANS:
air at 0°C
DIF: L1
62. ANS:
steel
DIF: L1
REF: p. O-39
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.3.D.1.a
63. ANS:
The speed of sound is more than four times faster in iron than in lead. Because sound travels more slowly in
denser mediums and in mediums with a lower level of elasticity, lead is most likely denser and less elastic
than iron.
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-40
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
64. ANS:
At the lower temperature, the particles of the air tend to move more slowly and respond less readily to the
energy of the sound wave, making the speed of sound in air lower at 0°C than at 20°C.
DIF: L3
65. ANS:
5,170 m/s
REF: p. O-41
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-39
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.3.B.1, 5.3.D.1.a
66. ANS:
Rubber most likely conducts sound the fastest, followed by vinegar and then by helium. In general, sound
travels faster in solids (rubber) than in liquids (vinegar), and faster in liquids than in gases (helium).
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-40
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
67. ANS:
Sonar is being used to locate sunken objects and determine depth.
DIF: L2
68. ANS:
on the ship above
REF: p. O-62
OBJ: O.2.5.2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2, 5.4.A.1
DIF: L2
69. ANS:
ultrasound
REF: p. O-62
OBJ: O.2.5.2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2, 5.4.A.1
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-62
OBJ: O.2.5.2
70. ANS:
ultrasonic sound waves sent out from the ship
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2, 5.4.A.1
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-62
71. ANS:
reflected ultrasonic sound waves
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2, 5.4.A.1
OBJ: O.2.5.2
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-62
OBJ: O.2.5.2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2, 5.4.A.1
72. ANS:
The time for the sound waves to reach the sunken ship is half the time for the round trip, or 1/2 • 3 s = 1.5 s.
Distance = Speed • Time = 1,520 m/s • 1.5 s = 2,280 m
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-62
OBJ: O.2.5.2
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.2.B.2, 5.4.A.1
ESSAY
73. ANS:
When a gong is struck, it begins to vibrate. As it vibrates, it pushes back and forth on the air around it. The
back-and-forth motion produces compressions and rarefactions in the air, making a longitudinal wave. If the
frequency of the wave is within the range of human hearing, the wave will be heard as a sound.
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-37
OBJ: O.2.1.1
STO: 5.7.B.2
74. ANS:
When sound waves pass near a barrier, such as a building, they diffract, or spread out and bend around it. The
waves are thus able to reach you even though you are around the corner.
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-38
OBJ: O.2.1.2
STO: 5.7.B.2
75. ANS:
The speed of sound increases as the temperature of the medium increases. This increase occurs because the
particles that make up the medium move faster at higher temperatures.
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-41
OBJ: O.2.1.3
STO: 5.6.A.2, 5.7.B.2
76. ANS:
Answers will vary. One example is the sound of a race car engine as it moves past a stationary listener. As the
car approaches, the pitch of the engine appears to increase. The sound waves bunch up in front of the car, so
the frequency with which they reach the listener’s ears increases. As the car passes, the waves spread out
behind the car. The frequency decreases, so the pitch sounds lower as the car moves away.
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-46
OBJ: O.2.2.3
STO: 5.1.B.3, 5.2.A.3, 5.7.B.2
77. ANS:
When an instrument plays a note, the fundamental tone of the note has a certain frequency. The instrument
also produces overtones, which are sounds with frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency.
The blending of the fundamental tone and the overtones makes up the characteristic sound of the instrument.
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-49
OBJ: O.2.3.2
STO: 5.7.B.2
78. ANS:
The outer ear collects sound waves and funnels them into the ear canal and to the eardrum, which then
vibrates. The middle ear transmits the waves, or vibrations, inward by means of three small bones. The inner
ear contains the liquid-filled cochlea, which is lined with hairlike cells that sway as a result of the vibrations.
Nerves carry the information to the brain.
DIF: L3
REF: p. O-54, p. O-55
OBJ: O.2.4.1
STO: 5.7.B.2, 5.5.A.2.d
79. ANS:
Examples will vary, but should include any sound generally perceived as unpleasant, such as that of a
jackhammer, subway train, or lawn mower. Noise lacks pleasing patterns.
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-48
OBJ: O.2.3.1
STO: 5.1.B.3
80. ANS:
A hearing aid restores some of a person’s ability to hear. Hearing aids amplify sounds entering the ear.
DIF: L2
REF: p. O-56
OBJ: O.2.4.2